- •1 Adams/View Basics 1
- •2 Building Models in adams/View 13
- •3 Simulating Models in adams/View 46
- •4 Examples 53
- •5 Introduce adams/Car 113
- •6 Introducing Analyses in adams/Car 116
- •7 Creating and Simulating Suspensions 129
- •8 Template Builder Tutorial 141
- •SectionⅠ- adams/View
- •1.1.1 Steps in Modeling and Simulating
- •1.1.2 Build Your Model
- •Figure 1.1 Steps in Modeling and Simulating
- •1.1.3 Test and Validate Your Model
- •Validating Simulation Results
- •1.1.4 Refine Your Model and Iterate
- •1.1.5 Customize and Automate adams/View
- •1.2 Working with the adams/View
- •1.2.1 Starting adams/View
- •1.2.2 Adams/View Main Window
- •Figure 1.2 Initial adams/View Window
- •1.2.3 Starting a New Modeling Session
- •Figure 1.3. Welcome Dialog Box
- •1.3 Defining the Modeling Environment
- •1.3.1 Specifying the Type of Coordinate System
- •1. Types of Coordinate Systems
- •Figure 1.4 adams/View Coordinate System
- •2. About Orientation Angles and Rotations
- •3. Setting the Default Coordinate System
- •1.3.2 Setting Units of Measurement
- •1.3.3 Specifying Gravitational Force
- •1.3.4 Specifying Working Directory
- •2 Building Models in adams/View
- •2.1 Creating Parts
- •Figure 2.1 Geometric Modeling Palette and Tool Stack
- •2.1.1 Creating Construction Geometry
- •Table 2.1 Types of construction geometry
- •1. Defining Points
- •2. Defining Coordinate System Markers
- •Figure 2.2 Marker Screen Icons
- •3. Creating Lines and Polylines
- •4. Creating Arcs and Circles
- •5. Creating Splines
- •2.1.2 Creating Solid Geometry
- •Table2.2 adams/View Solid Geometry
- •1. Creating a Box
- •2. Creating Two-Dimensional Plane
- •3. Creating a Cylinder
- •4. Creating a Sphere
- •5. Creating a Frustum
- •6. Creating a Torus
- •7. Creating a Link
- •8. Creating a plate
- •9. Creating an Extrusion
- •2.1.3 Creating Complex Geometry
- •1. Chaining Wire Construction Geometry
- •2. Combining Geometry
- •2.1.4 Adding Features to Geometry
- •2.1.5 Working with Point Masses
- •2.2 Modifying Parts
- •2.2.1 Modifying Rigid Body Geometry
- •2.2.2 Modifying Part Properties
- •2.3 About Constraining Your Model
- •2.3.1 Types of Constraints
- •2.3.2 Accessing the Constraint Creation Tools
- •Figure 2.3 Constraint Palette and Tool Stacks
- •2.3.3 Working with Joints
- •2.3.3.1 Working with Idealized Joints
- •Table1 2.3 Simple joints in adams/View
- •Table1 2.4 Complex joints in adams/View
- •2.3.3.2 Working with Joint Primitives
- •Table1 2.5 Joint Primitives in adams/View
- •2.3.3.3 Working with Higher-Pair Constraints
- •2.3.3.4 Working with Motions generators
- •1. Joint Motion
- •2. Point Motion
- •2.4 Applying Forces to Your Model
- •2.4.1 Accessing the Force Tools
- •Figure 2.4 Create Forces Palette and Tool Stack
- •2.4.2 Constructing Applied Forces
- •2.4.3 Constructing Flexible Connectors
- •2.4.2.1. Working with Bushings
- •2.4.2.2 Working with Translational Spring-Dampers
- •2.4.2.3 Adding a Torsion Spring
- •2.4.2.4 Adding a Massless Beam
- •2.4.2.5 Adding a Field Element
- •3 Simulating Models in adams/View
- •3.1 Types of Simulations
- •3.2 Accessing the Simulation Controls
- •Figure 3.1 Simulation Controls
- •3.3 Performing an Interactive Simulation
- •3.4 Viewing and Controlling Animations
- •3.4.1 About Animating Your Simulation Results
- •3.4.2 Accessing the Animation Controls
- •Figure 3.2 Animation Container and Animation Control Dialog Box
- •3.4.3 Playing Animations
- •Table 3.1 Animation Play Options
- •4 Examples
- •4.1 The Latch Design Problem
- •4.1.1 Introducing the Latch Design Problem
- •Figure 4.1 Physical Model of Hand Latch Design
- •Figure 4.2 adams/View Latch Model
- •4.1.2 Building Model
- •Figure 4.3 Latch in Build Phase
- •1. To start adams/View and Setting Up Your Work Environment
- •2. Creating Design Points
- •Table 4.1 Points Coordinate Locations
- •3. Creating the Pivot
- •4. Creating the Handle
- •5. Creating the Hook
- •Table 4.2 Extrusion Coordinate Values
- •6. Creating the Slider
- •Table 4.3 Points Coordinate Locations
- •7. Connecting the Parts Using Revolute Joints
- •8. Simulating the Motion of Your Model
- •9. Saving Your Database
- •4.1.3 Testing Your First Prototype
- •1. Creating the Ground Block
- •2. Adding a Three-Dimensional Contact
- •3. Adding a Spring
- •4. Creating a Handle Force
- •5. Creating a Measure on the Spring Force
- •6. Creating an Angle Measure
- •Table 4.4 Overcenter_angle Measure Markers
- •Figure 4.4 Graphical Representation of overcenter_angle
- •7. Creating a Sensor
- •8. Saving Your Model
- •9. Simulating Your Model
- •4.1.4 Validating Results Against Physical Test Data
- •1. Importing Physical Test Data
- •2. Creating a Plot Using Physical Test Data
- •Figure 4.5 adams/PostProcessor
- •3. Modifying Your Plot Layout
- •4. Creating a Plot Using Virtual Test Data
- •5. Saving Your Model
- •4.1.5 Refining Your Design
- •1. Creating Design Variables
- •2. Reviewing Design Variable Values
- •4.1.6 Iterating Your Design
- •1. Performing a Manual Study
- •2. Running a Design Study
- •Dv_1 versus Trial plot Overcenter_angle plot
- •Design study report
- •3. Examining the Results of Design Studies
- •Table 4.5 Design Studies Results
- •4.1.7 Optimizing Your Design
- •1. Modifying Design Variables
- •Table 4.6 Design Variable Limits
- •2. Running an Optimization
- •4.2 The Front Suspension Design Problem
- •4.2.1 Introducing the Front Suspension Design Problem
- •Figure 4.6 Physical Model of Front Suspension
- •Figure 4.7 adams/View Front Suspension Model
- •4.2.2 Building Model
- •1. To start adams/View and Setting Up Your Work Environment
- •2. Creating Design Points
- •Table 4.7 Points Coordinate Locations
- •8. Creating the Knuckle
- •9. Creating the Wheel
- •10. Creating the Test_Patch
- •11. Creating the Spring
- •12. Creating the Spherical Joint
- •13. Creating the Fixed Joint
- •14. Creating the Revolute Joint
- •4.2.3 Testing the Front Suspension
- •2. Simulating the Motion of Your Model
- •3. Creating a Measure on the Kingpin_Inclination
- •Fig. The curve of the Kingpin_Inclination vs time
- •4. Creating a Measure on the Kingpin_Caster_Angle
- •5. Creating a Measure on the Front_Wheel Camber_Angle
- •6. Creating a Measure on the Front_Wheel Toe_Angle
- •7. Creating a Measure on the Sideways_Displacement of the Wheel
- •8. Creating a Measure on the Wheel_Travel
- •9. Creating curves on the Front Suspension characteristic
- •4.3 The Full Vehicle Design Problem
- •4.3.1 Creating Chassis Model
- •1. To start adams/View and Setting Up Your Work Environment
- •2. Creating Design Points
- •3. Creating Chassis
- •4.3.2 Creating Front Suspension Model
- •1. Creating Design Points
- •Table 4.8 Points Coordinate Locations
- •2. Creating Front Suspension
- •Figure 4.13 The body model of the chassis and the front suspension
- •3. Creating the Constraint Joint
- •4. Creating the Spring
- •Figure 4.14 The model of the chassis and the front suspension
- •4.3.3 Creating Steering System Model
- •1. Creating Design Points
- •Table 4.9 Points Coordinate Locations
- •2. Creating Steering System
- •Figure 4.15 The model of the steering trapezium
- •Figure 4.16 The model of the steering system
- •3. Creating the Constraint Joint
- •4.3.4 Creating Rear Suspension Model
- •1. Creating Design Points
- •Table 4.10 Points Coordinate Locations
- •2. Creating Rear Suspension
- •Figure 4.17 The model of the rear suspension
- •3. Creating the Constraint Joint
- •Figure 4.18 Creating the Revolute Joint
- •4. Creating the Spring
- •4.3.5 Creating Tire and Road
- •1. Creating Tire Property File
- •Figure 4.20 Analytical and Geometrical Representation of Tire
- •2. Creating Road Data File
- •3. Creating Tire and Road
- •Figure 4.21 The model of Tire
- •Figure 4.22 Full vehicle models
- •4.3.6 Testing the Full Vehicle
- •1. Creating Motion and Torque
- •Figure 4.23 Joint Motion Dialog Box
- •2. Creating curves on the vehicle characteristic
- •3. Simulation
- •5 Introduce adams/Car
- •5.1 What is adams/Car?
- •5.2 What You Can Do with adams/Car
- •5.3 How You Benefit from Using adams/Car
- •6 Introducing Analyses in adams/Car
- •6.1 About adams/Car Analyses
- •6.2 Types of Analyses
- •1. About Suspension Analyses
- •2. About Full-Vehicle Analyses
- •6.3 Introducing Suspension Analyses
- •6.3.1 Suspension Analysis Process
- •Figure 6.1 Suspension Analysis Process
- •6.3.2 Suspension Assembly Roles
- •6.3.3 Setting Suspension Parameters
- •6.3.4 Submitting Suspension Analyses
- •1. Specifying Number of Steps
- •Figure 6.2 Number of Inputs to Steps
- •2. Types of Suspension Analyses
- •6.4 Introducing Full-Vehicle Analyses
- •6.4.1 Full-Vehicle Analysis Process
- •Figure 6.3 Full-Vehicle Analysis Process
- •6.4.2 About the Full-Vehicle Analyses
- •1. Open-Loop Steering Analyses
- •2. Cornering Analyses
- •3. Straight-Line-Behavior Analyses
- •4. Course Analyses
- •5. Driver-Control-File-Driven Analysis (dcf Drive…)
- •6. Quasi-Static Analyses
- •7. Data-Driven Analysis
- •8. Adams/Driver Analyses
- •7 Creating and Simulating Suspensions
- •7.1 Starting adams/Car Standard Interface
- •7.2 Creating Suspension Assemblies
- •7.2.1 Creating a New Front Suspension Subsystem
- •1. Creating the front suspension subsystem:
- •Figure 7.1 Suspension Subsystem
- •2. To save the suspension subsystem
- •7.2.2 Creating a Suspension and Steering Assembly
- •Figure 7.2 Suspension and Steering Assembly
- •7.3 Performing a Baseline Parallel Wheel Travel Analysis
- •7.3.1 Defining Vehicle Parameters
- •7.3.2 Performing the Analysis
- •7.3.3 Animating the Results
- •7.4 Performing a Baseline Pull Analysis
- •7.4.1 Defining a Loadcase File
- •7.4.2 Performing the Analysis
- •7.4.3 Animating the Results
- •7.5 Modifying the Suspension and Steering Subsystem
- •7.5.1 Modifying Hardpoint Locations
- •7.5.2 Saving the Modified Subsystem
- •7.6 Performing an Analysis on the Modified Assembly
- •8 Template Builder Tutorial
- •Figure 8.1 MacPherson front suspension template model
- •8.1 Starting adams/Car Template Builder
- •Environment mdi_acar_usermode expert
- •8.2 Creating Topology for Your Template
- •8.2.1 Creating a Template
- •Figure 8.2 Main Window with Gravity Icon Displayed
- •8.2.2 Building Suspension Parts
- •1. Creating the Control Arm
- •Table 8.1 Wheel Carrier Hardpoints
- •Figure 8.3 Six hardpoints in the main window
- •2. To create the control arm part:
- •3. To create the control arm geometry:
- •8.2.3 Creating the Wheel Carrier
- •1. To create the hardpoints:
- •Table 8.2 Wheel Carrier Hardpoints
- •2. To create the wheel carrier part:
- •3. To add the wheel carrier link geometry:
- •8.2.4 Creating the Strut
- •8.2.5 Creating the Damper
- •1. To create a hardpoint:
- •2. To create the damper:
- •8.2.6 Defining the Spring
- •8.2.7 Creating the Tie Rod
- •8.2.8 Creating the Toe and Camber Variables
- •1. To create toe and camber variables:
- •8.2.9 Creating the Hub
- •1. To create a construction frame:
- •2. To create the hub part:
- •3. To create cylinder geometry for the hub:
- •8.2.10 Creating and Defining Attachments and Parameters
- •1. Defining the Translational Joint
- •2. Defining Control Arm Attachments
- •Figure 8.4 Create bushing Attachment dialog box
- •3. Defining the Strut Attachment
- •4. Defining Wheel Carrier Attachments
- •I Part: ._macpherson.Gel_tierod
- •5. Defining Hub Attachments
- •6. Defining Suspension Parameters
- •8.3 Creating a Suspension Subsystem
- •Table 8.3 Hardpoints To Be Modified
- •9 Creating and Simulating Full Vehicles
- •9.1 A Full-Vehicle Assembly
- •1. To open an assembly:
- •2. To create the Full-Vehicle assembly:
- •9.2 Performing a Single Lane-Change Analysis
- •1. Setting Up the Analysis
- •2. Animating the Results
- •3. Plotting the Results
- •Figure 9.1 Plot of Lateral Acceleration versus Time
- •9.3 Performing a Step Steer Analysis
- •9.4 Performing a Quasi-Static Steady-State Cornering Analysis
- •9.5 Performing a Baseline iso Lane-Change Analysis
- •9.6 Modifying the Full-Vehicle Assembly
- •1. To create a new spring property file:
- •2. To modify the springs:
- •Appendix a: adams/View keyboard shortcuts
- •Table 1. File Operation Shortcuts
- •Table 2. Edit Operation Shortcuts
- •Table 3. Display Operation Shortcuts
- •Viewing Operations Table 4. Viewing Operation Shortcuts
- •Table 5. Drawing Operation Shortcuts
- •Appendix b: adams/Car keyboard shortcuts
- •Table 1. File Operation Shortcuts
- •Table 2. Edit Operation Shortcuts
- •Table 3. Display Operation Shortcuts
- •Viewing Operations Table 4. Viewing Operation Shortcuts
- •References
5.2 What You Can Do with adams/Car
Using ADAMS/Car, you can quickly create assemblies of suspensions and full vehicles, and then analyze them to understand their performance and behavior.
You create assemblies in ADAMS/Car by defining vehicle subsystems, such as front and rear suspensions, steering gears, anti-roll bars, and bodies. You base these subsystems on their corresponding standard ADAMS/Car templates. For example, ADAMS/Car includes templates for double-wishbone suspension, MacPherson strut suspension, rack-and-pinion steering, and so on.
If you have expert user privileges, you can also base your subsystems on custom templates that you create using the ADAMS/Car Template Builder.
When you analyze an assembly, ADAMS/Car applies the analysis inputs that you specify. For example, for a suspension analysis you can specify inputs to:
Move the wheels through bump-rebound travel and measure the toe, camber, wheel rate, roll rate, and side-view swing arm length.
Apply lateral load and aligning torque at the tire contact path and measure the toe change and lateral deflection of the wheel.
Rotate the steering wheel from lock to lock and measure the steer angles of the wheels and the amount of Ackerman, that is, the difference between the left and right wheel steer angles.
Based on the analysis results, you can quickly alter the suspension geometry or the spring rates and analyze the suspension again to evaluate the effects of the alterations. For example, you can quickly change a rear suspension from a trailing-link to a multi-link topology to see which yields the best handling characteristics for your vehicle.
Once you complete the analysis of your model, you can share your work with others. You can also print plots of the suspension characteristics and vehicle dynamic responses. In addition, you can access other users’ models without overwriting their data.
5.3 How You Benefit from Using adams/Car
ADAMS/Car enables you to work faster and smarter, letting you have more time to study and understand how design changes affect vehicle performance. Using ADAMS/Car you can:
Explore the performance of your design and refine your design before building and testing a physical prototype.
Analyze design changes much faster and at a lower cost than physical prototype testing would require. For example, you can change springs with a few mouse clicks instead of waiting for a mechanic to install new ones in your physical prototype before re-evaluating your design.
Vary the kinds of analyses faster and more easily than if you had to modify instrumentation, test fixtures, and test procedures.
Work in a more secure environment without the fear of losing data from instrument failure or losing testing time because of poor weather conditions.
Run analyses and what-if scenarios without the dangers associated with physical testing.
6 Introducing Analyses in adams/Car
ADAMS/Car allows you to quickly and easily analyze suspensions and full vehicles under various conditions. The following sections introduce you to running analyses.
6.1 About adams/Car Analyses
Using ADAMS/Car to analyze a virtual prototype is much like ordering a test of a physical prototype. When ordering a test in ADAMS/Car, you specify the following:
The virtual prototype to be tested - You specify the virtual prototype by opening or creating an assembly that contains the appropriate components, or subsystems, that make up the prototype. For example, you create suspension assembly containing suspension and steering subsystems and the suspension test-rig.
ADAMS/Car contains suspension and full-vehicle test rigs.
The kind of analysis you’d like performed - You specify the test or analysis by selecting one from the ADAMS/Car Simulate menu. There are two major types of analyses: suspension and full-vehicle.
The analysis inputs to be used - You specify the inputs to the analysis by typing them directly into an analysis dialog box or by selecting a loadcase file that contains the desired inputs from an ADAMS/Car database.
After specifying the prototype assembly and its analysis, ADAMS/Car, like your company’s testing department, applies the inputs that you specified and records the results. To understand how your prototype behaved during the analysis, you can plot the results. After viewing the results, you might modify the prototype and analyze it again to see if your modifications improve its behavior.
Each kind of analysis that you perform requires a minimum set of subsystems. For example, a suspension analysis requires one suspension subsystem. A full-vehicle analysis requires front and rear suspension subsystems, front and rear wheel subsystems, one steering subsystem, and one body subsystem. Before you can create an assembly and perform an analysis in ADAMS/Car, you must open or create the minimum set of subsystems required.