- •1 Adams/View Basics 1
- •2 Building Models in adams/View 13
- •3 Simulating Models in adams/View 46
- •4 Examples 53
- •5 Introduce adams/Car 113
- •6 Introducing Analyses in adams/Car 116
- •7 Creating and Simulating Suspensions 129
- •8 Template Builder Tutorial 141
- •SectionⅠ- adams/View
- •1.1.1 Steps in Modeling and Simulating
- •1.1.2 Build Your Model
- •Figure 1.1 Steps in Modeling and Simulating
- •1.1.3 Test and Validate Your Model
- •Validating Simulation Results
- •1.1.4 Refine Your Model and Iterate
- •1.1.5 Customize and Automate adams/View
- •1.2 Working with the adams/View
- •1.2.1 Starting adams/View
- •1.2.2 Adams/View Main Window
- •Figure 1.2 Initial adams/View Window
- •1.2.3 Starting a New Modeling Session
- •Figure 1.3. Welcome Dialog Box
- •1.3 Defining the Modeling Environment
- •1.3.1 Specifying the Type of Coordinate System
- •1. Types of Coordinate Systems
- •Figure 1.4 adams/View Coordinate System
- •2. About Orientation Angles and Rotations
- •3. Setting the Default Coordinate System
- •1.3.2 Setting Units of Measurement
- •1.3.3 Specifying Gravitational Force
- •1.3.4 Specifying Working Directory
- •2 Building Models in adams/View
- •2.1 Creating Parts
- •Figure 2.1 Geometric Modeling Palette and Tool Stack
- •2.1.1 Creating Construction Geometry
- •Table 2.1 Types of construction geometry
- •1. Defining Points
- •2. Defining Coordinate System Markers
- •Figure 2.2 Marker Screen Icons
- •3. Creating Lines and Polylines
- •4. Creating Arcs and Circles
- •5. Creating Splines
- •2.1.2 Creating Solid Geometry
- •Table2.2 adams/View Solid Geometry
- •1. Creating a Box
- •2. Creating Two-Dimensional Plane
- •3. Creating a Cylinder
- •4. Creating a Sphere
- •5. Creating a Frustum
- •6. Creating a Torus
- •7. Creating a Link
- •8. Creating a plate
- •9. Creating an Extrusion
- •2.1.3 Creating Complex Geometry
- •1. Chaining Wire Construction Geometry
- •2. Combining Geometry
- •2.1.4 Adding Features to Geometry
- •2.1.5 Working with Point Masses
- •2.2 Modifying Parts
- •2.2.1 Modifying Rigid Body Geometry
- •2.2.2 Modifying Part Properties
- •2.3 About Constraining Your Model
- •2.3.1 Types of Constraints
- •2.3.2 Accessing the Constraint Creation Tools
- •Figure 2.3 Constraint Palette and Tool Stacks
- •2.3.3 Working with Joints
- •2.3.3.1 Working with Idealized Joints
- •Table1 2.3 Simple joints in adams/View
- •Table1 2.4 Complex joints in adams/View
- •2.3.3.2 Working with Joint Primitives
- •Table1 2.5 Joint Primitives in adams/View
- •2.3.3.3 Working with Higher-Pair Constraints
- •2.3.3.4 Working with Motions generators
- •1. Joint Motion
- •2. Point Motion
- •2.4 Applying Forces to Your Model
- •2.4.1 Accessing the Force Tools
- •Figure 2.4 Create Forces Palette and Tool Stack
- •2.4.2 Constructing Applied Forces
- •2.4.3 Constructing Flexible Connectors
- •2.4.2.1. Working with Bushings
- •2.4.2.2 Working with Translational Spring-Dampers
- •2.4.2.3 Adding a Torsion Spring
- •2.4.2.4 Adding a Massless Beam
- •2.4.2.5 Adding a Field Element
- •3 Simulating Models in adams/View
- •3.1 Types of Simulations
- •3.2 Accessing the Simulation Controls
- •Figure 3.1 Simulation Controls
- •3.3 Performing an Interactive Simulation
- •3.4 Viewing and Controlling Animations
- •3.4.1 About Animating Your Simulation Results
- •3.4.2 Accessing the Animation Controls
- •Figure 3.2 Animation Container and Animation Control Dialog Box
- •3.4.3 Playing Animations
- •Table 3.1 Animation Play Options
- •4 Examples
- •4.1 The Latch Design Problem
- •4.1.1 Introducing the Latch Design Problem
- •Figure 4.1 Physical Model of Hand Latch Design
- •Figure 4.2 adams/View Latch Model
- •4.1.2 Building Model
- •Figure 4.3 Latch in Build Phase
- •1. To start adams/View and Setting Up Your Work Environment
- •2. Creating Design Points
- •Table 4.1 Points Coordinate Locations
- •3. Creating the Pivot
- •4. Creating the Handle
- •5. Creating the Hook
- •Table 4.2 Extrusion Coordinate Values
- •6. Creating the Slider
- •Table 4.3 Points Coordinate Locations
- •7. Connecting the Parts Using Revolute Joints
- •8. Simulating the Motion of Your Model
- •9. Saving Your Database
- •4.1.3 Testing Your First Prototype
- •1. Creating the Ground Block
- •2. Adding a Three-Dimensional Contact
- •3. Adding a Spring
- •4. Creating a Handle Force
- •5. Creating a Measure on the Spring Force
- •6. Creating an Angle Measure
- •Table 4.4 Overcenter_angle Measure Markers
- •Figure 4.4 Graphical Representation of overcenter_angle
- •7. Creating a Sensor
- •8. Saving Your Model
- •9. Simulating Your Model
- •4.1.4 Validating Results Against Physical Test Data
- •1. Importing Physical Test Data
- •2. Creating a Plot Using Physical Test Data
- •Figure 4.5 adams/PostProcessor
- •3. Modifying Your Plot Layout
- •4. Creating a Plot Using Virtual Test Data
- •5. Saving Your Model
- •4.1.5 Refining Your Design
- •1. Creating Design Variables
- •2. Reviewing Design Variable Values
- •4.1.6 Iterating Your Design
- •1. Performing a Manual Study
- •2. Running a Design Study
- •Dv_1 versus Trial plot Overcenter_angle plot
- •Design study report
- •3. Examining the Results of Design Studies
- •Table 4.5 Design Studies Results
- •4.1.7 Optimizing Your Design
- •1. Modifying Design Variables
- •Table 4.6 Design Variable Limits
- •2. Running an Optimization
- •4.2 The Front Suspension Design Problem
- •4.2.1 Introducing the Front Suspension Design Problem
- •Figure 4.6 Physical Model of Front Suspension
- •Figure 4.7 adams/View Front Suspension Model
- •4.2.2 Building Model
- •1. To start adams/View and Setting Up Your Work Environment
- •2. Creating Design Points
- •Table 4.7 Points Coordinate Locations
- •8. Creating the Knuckle
- •9. Creating the Wheel
- •10. Creating the Test_Patch
- •11. Creating the Spring
- •12. Creating the Spherical Joint
- •13. Creating the Fixed Joint
- •14. Creating the Revolute Joint
- •4.2.3 Testing the Front Suspension
- •2. Simulating the Motion of Your Model
- •3. Creating a Measure on the Kingpin_Inclination
- •Fig. The curve of the Kingpin_Inclination vs time
- •4. Creating a Measure on the Kingpin_Caster_Angle
- •5. Creating a Measure on the Front_Wheel Camber_Angle
- •6. Creating a Measure on the Front_Wheel Toe_Angle
- •7. Creating a Measure on the Sideways_Displacement of the Wheel
- •8. Creating a Measure on the Wheel_Travel
- •9. Creating curves on the Front Suspension characteristic
- •4.3 The Full Vehicle Design Problem
- •4.3.1 Creating Chassis Model
- •1. To start adams/View and Setting Up Your Work Environment
- •2. Creating Design Points
- •3. Creating Chassis
- •4.3.2 Creating Front Suspension Model
- •1. Creating Design Points
- •Table 4.8 Points Coordinate Locations
- •2. Creating Front Suspension
- •Figure 4.13 The body model of the chassis and the front suspension
- •3. Creating the Constraint Joint
- •4. Creating the Spring
- •Figure 4.14 The model of the chassis and the front suspension
- •4.3.3 Creating Steering System Model
- •1. Creating Design Points
- •Table 4.9 Points Coordinate Locations
- •2. Creating Steering System
- •Figure 4.15 The model of the steering trapezium
- •Figure 4.16 The model of the steering system
- •3. Creating the Constraint Joint
- •4.3.4 Creating Rear Suspension Model
- •1. Creating Design Points
- •Table 4.10 Points Coordinate Locations
- •2. Creating Rear Suspension
- •Figure 4.17 The model of the rear suspension
- •3. Creating the Constraint Joint
- •Figure 4.18 Creating the Revolute Joint
- •4. Creating the Spring
- •4.3.5 Creating Tire and Road
- •1. Creating Tire Property File
- •Figure 4.20 Analytical and Geometrical Representation of Tire
- •2. Creating Road Data File
- •3. Creating Tire and Road
- •Figure 4.21 The model of Tire
- •Figure 4.22 Full vehicle models
- •4.3.6 Testing the Full Vehicle
- •1. Creating Motion and Torque
- •Figure 4.23 Joint Motion Dialog Box
- •2. Creating curves on the vehicle characteristic
- •3. Simulation
- •5 Introduce adams/Car
- •5.1 What is adams/Car?
- •5.2 What You Can Do with adams/Car
- •5.3 How You Benefit from Using adams/Car
- •6 Introducing Analyses in adams/Car
- •6.1 About adams/Car Analyses
- •6.2 Types of Analyses
- •1. About Suspension Analyses
- •2. About Full-Vehicle Analyses
- •6.3 Introducing Suspension Analyses
- •6.3.1 Suspension Analysis Process
- •Figure 6.1 Suspension Analysis Process
- •6.3.2 Suspension Assembly Roles
- •6.3.3 Setting Suspension Parameters
- •6.3.4 Submitting Suspension Analyses
- •1. Specifying Number of Steps
- •Figure 6.2 Number of Inputs to Steps
- •2. Types of Suspension Analyses
- •6.4 Introducing Full-Vehicle Analyses
- •6.4.1 Full-Vehicle Analysis Process
- •Figure 6.3 Full-Vehicle Analysis Process
- •6.4.2 About the Full-Vehicle Analyses
- •1. Open-Loop Steering Analyses
- •2. Cornering Analyses
- •3. Straight-Line-Behavior Analyses
- •4. Course Analyses
- •5. Driver-Control-File-Driven Analysis (dcf Drive…)
- •6. Quasi-Static Analyses
- •7. Data-Driven Analysis
- •8. Adams/Driver Analyses
- •7 Creating and Simulating Suspensions
- •7.1 Starting adams/Car Standard Interface
- •7.2 Creating Suspension Assemblies
- •7.2.1 Creating a New Front Suspension Subsystem
- •1. Creating the front suspension subsystem:
- •Figure 7.1 Suspension Subsystem
- •2. To save the suspension subsystem
- •7.2.2 Creating a Suspension and Steering Assembly
- •Figure 7.2 Suspension and Steering Assembly
- •7.3 Performing a Baseline Parallel Wheel Travel Analysis
- •7.3.1 Defining Vehicle Parameters
- •7.3.2 Performing the Analysis
- •7.3.3 Animating the Results
- •7.4 Performing a Baseline Pull Analysis
- •7.4.1 Defining a Loadcase File
- •7.4.2 Performing the Analysis
- •7.4.3 Animating the Results
- •7.5 Modifying the Suspension and Steering Subsystem
- •7.5.1 Modifying Hardpoint Locations
- •7.5.2 Saving the Modified Subsystem
- •7.6 Performing an Analysis on the Modified Assembly
- •8 Template Builder Tutorial
- •Figure 8.1 MacPherson front suspension template model
- •8.1 Starting adams/Car Template Builder
- •Environment mdi_acar_usermode expert
- •8.2 Creating Topology for Your Template
- •8.2.1 Creating a Template
- •Figure 8.2 Main Window with Gravity Icon Displayed
- •8.2.2 Building Suspension Parts
- •1. Creating the Control Arm
- •Table 8.1 Wheel Carrier Hardpoints
- •Figure 8.3 Six hardpoints in the main window
- •2. To create the control arm part:
- •3. To create the control arm geometry:
- •8.2.3 Creating the Wheel Carrier
- •1. To create the hardpoints:
- •Table 8.2 Wheel Carrier Hardpoints
- •2. To create the wheel carrier part:
- •3. To add the wheel carrier link geometry:
- •8.2.4 Creating the Strut
- •8.2.5 Creating the Damper
- •1. To create a hardpoint:
- •2. To create the damper:
- •8.2.6 Defining the Spring
- •8.2.7 Creating the Tie Rod
- •8.2.8 Creating the Toe and Camber Variables
- •1. To create toe and camber variables:
- •8.2.9 Creating the Hub
- •1. To create a construction frame:
- •2. To create the hub part:
- •3. To create cylinder geometry for the hub:
- •8.2.10 Creating and Defining Attachments and Parameters
- •1. Defining the Translational Joint
- •2. Defining Control Arm Attachments
- •Figure 8.4 Create bushing Attachment dialog box
- •3. Defining the Strut Attachment
- •4. Defining Wheel Carrier Attachments
- •I Part: ._macpherson.Gel_tierod
- •5. Defining Hub Attachments
- •6. Defining Suspension Parameters
- •8.3 Creating a Suspension Subsystem
- •Table 8.3 Hardpoints To Be Modified
- •9 Creating and Simulating Full Vehicles
- •9.1 A Full-Vehicle Assembly
- •1. To open an assembly:
- •2. To create the Full-Vehicle assembly:
- •9.2 Performing a Single Lane-Change Analysis
- •1. Setting Up the Analysis
- •2. Animating the Results
- •3. Plotting the Results
- •Figure 9.1 Plot of Lateral Acceleration versus Time
- •9.3 Performing a Step Steer Analysis
- •9.4 Performing a Quasi-Static Steady-State Cornering Analysis
- •9.5 Performing a Baseline iso Lane-Change Analysis
- •9.6 Modifying the Full-Vehicle Assembly
- •1. To create a new spring property file:
- •2. To modify the springs:
- •Appendix a: adams/View keyboard shortcuts
- •Table 1. File Operation Shortcuts
- •Table 2. Edit Operation Shortcuts
- •Table 3. Display Operation Shortcuts
- •Viewing Operations Table 4. Viewing Operation Shortcuts
- •Table 5. Drawing Operation Shortcuts
- •Appendix b: adams/Car keyboard shortcuts
- •Table 1. File Operation Shortcuts
- •Table 2. Edit Operation Shortcuts
- •Table 3. Display Operation Shortcuts
- •Viewing Operations Table 4. Viewing Operation Shortcuts
- •References
8. Creating a plate
To create a plate:
1) From the Geometric Modeling tool stack or palette, select the Plate tool .
2) In the settings container, do the following:
Specify whether you want to create a new part composed of the geometry or add the geometry to an existing part or ground.
If desired, set the thickness or radius of the corners of the plate.
3) Place the cursor where you want the first corner of the plate and click the mouse button.
4) Click at each corner of the plate. You must specify at least three locations.
5) Continue selecting locations or right-click to close the plate.
9. Creating an Extrusion
To create an extrusion from existing curve geometry:
1) From the Geometric Modeling tool stack or palette, select the Extrusion tool .
2) In the settings container, do the following:
Specify whether you want to create a new part composed of the geometry or add the geometry to an existing part or ground.
If desired, set the length (depth) of the extrusion.
Specify the direction you want the profile to be extruded from the current working grid.
3) Select the curve geometry.
To create an extrusion by selecting points:
1) From the Geometric Modeling tool stack or palette, select the Extrusion tool .
2) In the settings container, do the following:
Specify whether you want to create a new part composed of the geometry or add the geometry to an existing part or ground.
Specify whether or not you want to create a closed extrusion.
If desired, set the length of the extrusion.
Specify the direction you want the profile to be extruded from the current working grid.
3) Place the cursor where you want to begin drawing the profile of the extrusion, and click.
4) Click at each vertex in the profile; then right-click to finish drawing the profile.
2.1.3 Creating Complex Geometry
ADAMS/View provides you with many ways in which you can take simple geometry and create complex geometry from it. You can create solid geometry that has mass from wire geometry or create complex, open geometry that has no mass.
1. Chaining Wire Construction Geometry
You can link together wire construction geometry to create a complex profile, which you can then extrude. The geometry to be chained together must touch at one endpoint and cannot be closed geometry. ADAMS/View adds the final chained geometry to the part that owns the first geometry that you selected.
To chain wire geometry together:
1)
From the Geometric Modeling tool stack or palette, select the
Chain tool
.
2) Click each piece of the wire geometry to be chained. The Dynamic Model Navigator highlights those objects in your model that can be chained as you move the cursor around the main window.
3) After selecting the geometry to be chained, right-click to create the chained geometry.
2. Combining Geometry
Once you have created individual parts of solid geometry, you can combine them into one part to create complex, solid geometry, referred to as constructive, solid geometry or CSG. ADAMS/View creates the solid geometry using Boolean operations, such as union and intersection.
(1) Creating One Part from the Union of Two Solids
ADAMS/View lets you create complex geometry by joining two intersecting solids. ADAMS/View merges the second part you select into the first part resulting in a single part. The union has a mass computed from the volume of the new solid. Any overlapping volume is only counted once.
To create a part from the union of two solids:
1)
From the Geometric Modeling tool stack or palette, select the
Union tool
.
2) Select the solid geometry to be combined. As you move the cursor, the Dynamic Model Navigator highlights those objects that can be combined. The second part you select is combined into the first part.
(2) Creating One Part from the Intersection of Two Solids
ADAMS/View lets you intersect the geometry belonging to two solids to create a single part made up of only the intersecting geometries. ADAMS/View merges the second part that you select with the geometry of the first part that you select and forms one rigid body from the two geometries.
To create a part from the intersection of two overlapping solids:
1)
From the Geometric Modeling tool stack or palette, select the
Intersect tool
.
2) Select the solid geometry to be combined. As you move the cursor, the Dynamic Model Navigator highlights those objects that can be combined. The second part you select is combined into the first part.
(3) Cutting a Solid from Another Solid
ADAMS/View lets you remove the volume where one solid intersects another solid to create a new solid. ADAMS/View subtracts the geometry of the second part that you select from the geometry of the first part. The remaining geometry belongs to the second part that you selected.
To create a part from the difference of two solids:
1)
From the Geometric Modeling tool stack or palette, select the
Cut tool
.
2) Select the solid geometry to be cut. As you move the cursor, the Dynamic Model Navigator highlights those objects that can be cut. The second part you select is cut from the first part.
(4) Splitting a Solid
After you’ve created a complex solid, often referred to as a CSG, using the Boolean operations explained in the previous sections, you can split the complex solid back into its primitive solids. ADAMS/View creates a part for each solid resulting from the split operation.
To split a complex solid:
1)
From the Geometric Modeling tool stack or palette, select the
Split tool
.
2) Select the solid geometry to be split. The Dynamic Model Navigator highlights those objects in your model that can be split.
