Упражнения

Упр.1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

1. Исправлять, устранять недостатки; 2. наплавка зазоров; 3. если дефекты недопустимы; 4. для решения вопроса о приемлемости; 5. серьезные конструктивные дефекты; 6. предложить план; 7. первоначальное выявление;

8. подтверждение; 9. проверить соответствие; 10. контроль на уровне цеха;

11. неразрушающие методы контроля; 12. до доброкачественного металла; 13. отвечающие за прочность по длине; 14. радиографическое \ рентгенологическое исследование; 15. правильность результатов контроля.

Упр.2. Переведите на английский язык следующие слова и словосочетания:

1. In excess of the permitted tolerances; 2. upon special examination; 3. defects and imperfections; 4. applicable requirements; 5. to discard; 6. appropriate; 7. the replacement of the material; 8. beyond the limits of their respective qualifications; 9. work schedule; 10. visual examination; 11. unacceptable indications; 12. magnetic particle examination; 13. radiograph; 14. inspection office; 15. cross-shaped welding.

Unit 42. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

Special structural details are those characterized by complex geometry, possibly associated with high or alternate stresses. For special structural details, specific requirements are to be fulfilled during their design, construction, selection of materials, welding and survey.

Special structural details are listed together with the specific requirements which are to be fulfilled. Other structural details may be considered by the Society as special details, when deemed necessary.

Design requirements specify the local geometry, dimensions and scantlings of the structural elements which constitute the detail, any local strengthening, cases where a fatigue check is to be carried out. Then the design requirements specify locations (hot spots) where the stresses are to be calculated and the fatigue check performed, the direction in which the normal stresses are to be calculated, stress concentration factors to be used for calculating the hot spot stress range.

Constructional requirements specify the allowable misalignment and tolerances, depending on the detail arrangement and any local strengthening.

Material requirements specify the material quality to be used for specific elements which constitute the detail, depending on their manufacturing procedure, the type of stresses they are subjected to, and the importance of the detail with respect to the ship operation and overall safety. In addition, these requirements specify where material inspections are to be carried out.

Welding requirements specify where partial or full T penetration welding or any particular welding type or sequence is to be adopted. In addition, these requirements specify when welding procedures are to be approved. Since weld shape and undercuts are influencing factors on fatigue behaviour, fillet welds are to be elongated in the direction of the highest stresses and care is to be taken to avoid undercuts, in particular at the hot spots.

Survey requirements specify where non-destructive examinations of welds are to be carried out and, where this is the case, which type is to be adopted.

VOCABULARY

To specify -уточнять

Survey – осматривать, инспектировать

special structural details – особые элементы конструкции

geometry – форма и размеры, конфигурация

scantlings – набор элементов

fatigue check – испытание на усталость (металла)

misalignment – смещение, несоосность

strengthening – усиление, укрепление