Упражнения

Упр. 1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

1. В защищенном месте; 2. быть нужной формы; 3. газопламенная очистка; 4. заводская грунтовка; 5. установка в удобное для сварки положение; 6. регулировка необходимой посадки; 7. зазор между деталями; 8. чрезмерное сжатие; 9. крестообразное соединение; 10. примыкающая пластина; 11. усадка при сварке; 12. технология монтажа; 13. предупредить появление дефектов; 14. после каждого прохода; 15. окончательная сборка.

Упр.2. Переведите на английский следующие слова и словосочетания:

1/Cored electrodes; 2. coated electrodes; 3. detrimental notches; 4. mill scale; 5. setting appliances; 6. required tolerances; 7. misalignment; 8. allowable limits;

9. freedom for shrinkage; 10. interrupted weld; 11. oxygen cutting; 12. as appropriate for the type of steel; 13. at the crossing; 14. interrupted elements; 15. continuity.

Unit 41. MODIFICATIONS, REPAIRS AND TESTING DURING CONSTRUCTION

Deviations in the joint preparation and other specified requirements, in excess of the permitted tolerances and found during construction, are to be repaired.

Welding by building up of gaps exceeding the required values and repairs of weld deformations may be accepted by the Society upon special examination. Defects and imperfections on the materials and welded connections found during construction are to be evaluated for possible acceptance on the basis of the applicable requirements of the Society. Where the limits of acceptance are exceeded, the defective material and welds are to be discarded or repaired. If it is deemed appropriate by the Surveyor. When any serious or systematic defect is detected either in the welded connections or in the base material, the manufacturer is required to prompt-ly inform the Surveyor and submit the repair proposal. The Surveyor may require destructive or non-destructive examinations to be carried out for initial identification of the defects found and, in the event that repairs are undertaken, for verification of their satisfactory completion. In case of repairs involving the replacement of material already welded on the hull, the procedures to be adopted are to be agreed with the Society

Materials, workmanship, structures and welded connections are to be subjected, at the beginning of the work, during construction and after completion, to inspections by the Shipyard suitable to check compliance with the applicable

requirements, approved plans and standards. The manufacturer is to make available to the Surveyor a list of the manual welders and welding operators and their respective qualifications. The manufacturer's internal organization is responsible for ensuring that welders and operators are not employed under improper conditions or beyond the limits of their respective qualifications and that welding procedures are adopted within the approved limits and under the appropriate operating conditions.

The manufacturer is responsible for ensuring that the operating conditions, welding procedures and work schedule are in accordance with the applicable requirements, approved plans and recognized good welding practice. After completion of the welding operation and workshop inspection, the structure is to be presented to the Surveyor for visual examination at a suitable stage of fabrication.

As far as possible, the results on non-destructive examinations are to be submitted. Non-destructive examinations are to be carried out with appropriate methods and techniques suitable for the individual applications. Radiographic examinations are to be carried out on the welded connections of the hull. The Surveyor is to be informed when these examinations are performed. Radiographic examinations may be replaced by ultrasonic examinations.

When the visual or non-destructive examinations reveal the presence of unacceptable indications, the relevant connection is to be repaired to sound metal for an extent and according to a procedure agreed with the Surveyor. The repaired zone is then to be submitted to nondestructive examination, using a method deemed suitable by the Surveyor to verify that the repair is satisfactory. Ultrasonic and magnetic particle examinations may also be required to verify the quality of the base material.

A radiographic inspection is to be carried out on the welded butts of shell plating, strength deck plating as well as of members contributing to the longitudinal strength. This inspection may also be required for the joints of members subject to heavy stresses. The number of radiographs may be increased where requested by the Surveyor, mainly where visual inspection or radiographic soundings have revealed major defects.

As far as automatic welding of the panels butt welds during the pre-manufacturing stage is concerned, the shipyard is to carry out random non-destructive testing of the welds (radiographic or ultrasonic inspection) in order to ascertain the regularity and the constancy of the welding inspection. In the mid-ship area, radiographies are to be taken at the joining of panels. Each radiography device is situated in a butt joint at a cross-shaped welding. This requirement remains applicable where panel butts are shifted or where some strakes are built independently from the panels. It is recommended to take most of these radiographies at the intersections of butt and panel seams.

Where radiography is rejected and where it is decided to carry out a repair, the shipyard is to determine the length of the defective part, then a set of inspection radiographies of the repaired joint and of adjacent parts is to be taken. Where the repair has been decided by the inspection office of the shipyard, the film showing the initial defect is to be submitted to the Surveyor together with the film taken after repair of the joint.

VOCABULARY

Imperfections – зд. отступления от стандарта

To discard – отказаться от использования

Surveyor - инспектор

systematic defect – серьезный конструктивный дефект

pre-manufacturing= prefabrication

random testing – выборочный контроль

mid-ship area – внутренняя часть корабля

radiography - рентгенография

strake – планка, пояс наружной обшивки корабля

inspection office – Отдел технического контроля