Упражнения

Упр.1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

1. Конструктивные детали; 2. выполняться с полным проплавлением; 3. при сварке листов обшивки; 4. перегородки опорных элементов; 5. основные нагрузки; 6. длину скоса можно уменьшить в 3 раза; 7. вышеуказанные величины; 8. разделка; 9. постоянная подкладка; 10. лицевая плита ребра жесткости; 11. нецелесообразный; 12. обеспечить необходимое проплавление; 13. продольные брусья обшивки; 14. тавровые соединения; 15.обычное ребро жесткости

Упр.2. Переведите на английский язык следующие слова и выражения из текста:

1.Edge preparation; 2. butt connections; 3. workmanship specifications; 4. gross thickness; 5. to accommodate ; 6. root gap; 7. butt welding assembly; 8. in conditions of difficult access; 9. ordinary fillet welding; 10. local laminations; 11. continuous fillet welding; 12. intermittent fillet welding; 13. chain welding; 14. scallop weld; 15. staggered weld.

Unit 39. TYPES OF WELDING IN MAKING HULLS

Partial or full T penetration welding is to be adopted for connections subjected to high stresses for which fillet welding is considered unacceptable by the Society. Back gouging is generally required for full penetration welds.

Precautions are to be taken in order to avoid lamellar tears, which may be associated with: • cold cracking when performing T connections between plates of considerable thickness or high restraint; • large fillet welding and full penetration welding on higher strength steels.

Lap-joint welding may be adopted for: • peripheral connection of doublers; • internal structural elements subjected to very low stresses. Elsewhere, lap-joint welding may be allowed by the Society on a case by case basis, if deemed necessary under specific conditions. Continuous welding is generally to be adopted. The surfaces of lap-joints are to be in sufficiently close contact. The dimensions of the lap-joint are to be specified.

Slot welding may be adopted in very specific cases. In general, slot welding of doublers on the outer shell is not permitted within 0,6L amidships. Slot welding is, in general, permitted only where stresses act in a predominant direction. Slot welds are, as far as possible, to be aligned in this direction. Slot welds are to be of appropriate shape (in general oval) and dimensions, depending on the plate thickness, and may not be completely filled by the weld. The distance between two consecutive slot welds is to be not greater than a value which is defined on a case by case basis taking into account: 1. the transverse spacing between adjacent slot weld lines, 2. the stresses acting in the connected plates, 3. the structural arrangement below the connected plates.

Corner joint welding, as adopted in some cases at the corners of tanks, performed with ordinary fillet welds, is permitted provided the welds are continuous and of the required size for the whole length on both sides of the joint.

The intermediate flat, through which the bilge keel is connected to the shell is to be welded as a shell doubler by continuous fillet welds. The butt welds of the doubler and bilge keel are to be full penetration and shifted from the shell butts.

The butt welds of the bilge plating and those of the doublers are to be flush in way of crossing, respectively, with the doubler and with the bilge keel. Butt welds of the intermediate flat are to be made to avoid direct connection with the shell plating, in order that they do not alter the shell plating, by using, for example, a copper or a ceramic backing.

In case of a strut connected by lap joint to the ordinary stiffener, the throat thickness of the weld is to be obtained, in mm, from a special formula. Fabricated propeller posts are to be welded with full penetration welding to the propeller shaft bossing.

VOCABULARY

Gourging - строжка

Lamellar tears - расслаивание

Restraint – сжатие, сжимание

Doubler – дублер,

lap joint – нахлесточное соединение

fillet weld – угловой шов

slot weld – прорезной шов

intermediate flat - прилегающий плоский участок

corner joint – угловое соединение

bilge – днище (судна)

shell doubler – вторая, дублирующая обшивка

to be flush – быть вровень, утопленный

strut – стойка, распорка

propeller – гребной винт

post - опора

shaft - вал

bossing – выступ, насечка