2. Read the text and translate it into Russian. Text a Fertilizers and their Application

As crops are known to remove nutrients from the soil, the latter may become deficient in some elements. Application of commercial fertilizer is to improve soil fertility and to ensure better quality of the crops to be grown.

Fertilizers are usually classified according to the food element which forms their main constituent. So, they may be grouped as nitrogenous fertilizers and so on.

To be effective, fertilizers should be applied where and when the plant needs them. Single yearly applications were found to be insufficient for some crops, being unnecessary for others. Young growing plants should not be given concentrated, highly soluble fertilizers because of salt injury. To make repeated applications throughout the season is of great use in case of perennials or long-season annuals. There are various methods of fertilization. Broadcast application means spreading the material uniformly over soil surface, usually before the crop is planted. Sometimes the fertilizer is placed directly over the growing crop, which is known as top dressing. When plants are subject to injury fertilizers can be put alongside the plants as a side-dressing, the latter being often made along with cultivation.

Sometimes a mixed fertilizer containing two or more fertilizer elements is to be applied, the time of placement being highly essential. Mixtures with low amount of nitrogen are usually applied to the soil before or during planting, followed by a top dressing or side-dressing with a liquid or granulated nitrogen fertilizer. Winter cereals usually receive a top dressing in the spring. Row crops, such as corn, receive a side dressing after the plants made some growth. With many crops nitrogen is applied several times during the growing season because it is known to be subject to leaching and conversion to unavailable forms. But one should not forget that too much nitrogen tends to cause lodging, late maturity, poor seed development in some crops, and greater fertilizers are considered to be most effective when they are applied before the crop is sown, so that they can be worked into the soil and be evenly distributed by plowing. Lime used to correct soil acidity can be applied at any time of the year and to a crop at any stage of the growth.

Notes:

– и так далее…

…which… - что…(обычно which после запятой соответствует в русском языке слову «что»)

toworkinto– заделывать (удобрения)

3. Translate the words and word combinations from English into Russian.

crop, to remove, to become deficient, commercial fertilizer, to improve soil fertility, constituent, nitrogenous, to apply fertilizers, fertilization, broadcast application, uniformly, top dressing, side dressing, liquid, leaching, lime, soil acidity

4. Translate the following words and word combinations from Russian into English.

удобрение, улучшать плодородие почвы, азотные удобрения, вносить удобрения, подкормка, междурядное внесение, смешанное удобрение, пропашные культуры, выщелачивание