- •Unit 1 Nature and Importance of Plants Pretext Exercises.
- •1. Translate the following international words.
- •2. Define parts of speech and translate the words.
- •3. Translate the words paying attention to vocabulary notes.
- •Vocabulary list.
- •4. Read and translate the text. Text a The Nature and Importance of Plant
- •9.Agree or disagree with the following statements (True or False).
- •10. Translate the sentences paying attention to modal verbs and their equivalents.
- •11. Translate the sentences into Russian. Name the sentences with the verbs «to be» and «to have» as modals.
- •12. Translate the sentences with the Infinitive as a subject.
- •Unit 2 Crop Plants and Environment Pretext Exercises.
- •1. Translate the following words on the basis of their similarity with Russian words.
- •2. Define the part of speech.
- •Vocabulary list.
- •3. Read and translate the text. Text a Crop Plants and Environment
- •4. Translate the following words and word combinations into English.
- •5. Translate the following words and word combinations from Russian into English.
- •6. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the text.
- •7. Match the English equivalents with the Russian words.
- •8. Agree or disagree with the following statements (TrueorFalse).
- •9. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the words from thevocabulary list.
- •10. Lay out the questions in such an order, that they were a plan for text a and answer them.
- •11. Get acquainted with text b and choose the heading to the text.
- •Unit 3 Plant, its Parts and their Functions Pretext Exercises
- •1. Translate the following international words:
- •2.Identify the part of speech and translate the words into Russian.
- •3. Name the nouns having common roots with the following verbs:
- •Vocabulary list.
- •4. Read and translate the text. Text a Plant, its Parts and their Functions
- •5. Translate the following words and word combinations into Russian.
- •6. Translate the sentences, paying attention to different meanings of «as»(as- как, таккак, as…as также, каки).
- •7. Match the English equivalents with Russian words.
- •8. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the text.
- •9. Agree or disagree with the following statements (True or False).
- •10. Translate the following sentences into English using the vocabulary list.
- •11. Identify the type of Participle, define its function. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •12. Answer the following questions.
- •Text b Plant
- •17. Say it in English:
- •Text с Photosynthesis
- •Unit 4 The Flower Pretext Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words and word combinations into Russian.
- •2. Define the part of speech.
- •Vocabulary list.
- •3. Read and translate the text. Text a The Flower
- •4. Translate the following words and word combinations into Russian.
- •5. Translatefrom Russian into English.
- •6. Match English equivalents withthe Russian words:
- •7. Translate into English paying attention to the translation of the words: result, result in, result from.
- •8. Translate into English using the word combinations: result in, result from, as a result.
- •9. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words and word combinations from the text.
- •10. Agree or disagree with the following statements (True or False).
- •11. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to Passive Constructions.
- •12. Translate into English using the Passive Constructions.
- •13.SayitinEnglishusingwordsfromthe vocabularylist.
- •14. Answer the following questions.
- •15. Choose 8-10 key sentences from the text and retell the text using them.
- •16. Get acquainted with text b and find in the text answers to the following questions:
- •Text c The Flower
- •21. Write an annotation on the theme “Flower”.
- •The Seed
- •Pretext Exercises
- •1. Translate the following international words.
- •Vocabulary list.
- •3. Read and translate text a. Text a The Seed
- •8. Agree or disagree with the statements. (True or False)
- •9.Distribute the given sentences in the same sequence as in the text.
- •10. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to difference in the translation of attributes, expressed by Participle constructions and the Infinitive.
- •11. Choose the sentences from the text describing the process of seed germination.
- •12. Find in text a answers to the following questions:
- •13. Find key sentences in each paragraph of the text and make up the plan of retelling the text.
- •14. Skim text b and find in it answers to the following questions.
- •Text b Seedbed Preparation
- •15. Translate into Russian paying attention to the translation of
- •16. Translate the sentences into English using the text.
- •17. Write an annotation on the theme: «Seed germination».
- •18. Translate the text using the dictionary. Text c Seed and Germination
- •Unit 6 Classification of Field Crops Pretext Exercises.
- •1. Define the part of speech of the given words and give their Russian equivalents.
- •2. Translate into Russian the following attribute combinations.
- •Vocabulary list
- •3. Read and translate the text using a dictionary. Text a Classification of Field Crops
- •4. Translate the following words and word combinations from English into Russian.
- •5. SayitinEnglish.
- •6. Match the English equivalents with the Russian words.
- •7. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the text.
- •8. Form Participles I-II and translate them.
- •9.Translate the following word combinations paying attention to
- •10. Translate the sentences containing Participles and participal constructions.
- •11. Translate into Russian paying attention to the meanings of the following words: as to, for, extent.
- •12. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •13.Find in the text the English sentences equivalentto the Russian sentences.
- •14. Say it in English:
- •15. Answer the questions, make up the plan of the text and retell it.
- •16. Get acquainted with text b and answer the questions.
- •Text b Classification of Field Crops
- •21. Choose the appropriate form of Participles and translate the sentences.
- •22. Say it in English:
- •23. Give the short summary of the text.
- •24. Translate the text using a dictionary. Text c Field Crops Production
- •Unit 7 Corn
- •1. Translate the following international words.
- •2. Define the part of speech.
- •Vocabulary list.
- •3. Read and translate the text using the dictionary. Text a Corn
- •8. Translate the sentences paying attention to the translation of “because, because of, like, unlike, though, unless, when”.
- •9. Agree or disagree with the following statements (True or False).
- •10. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.
- •11. Translate the following sentences into English using vocabulary list.
- •12. Translate the sentences paying attention to the construction «Complex Subject».
- •13. Answer the following questions.
- •14.Find key sentences in each paragraph.Make up the plan of retelling.
- •15. Give the short summary of the text.
- •16. Skim text b and find in it answers to the following questions.
- •Text b Corn
- •17. Fill in the blanks with the following words:
- •18. Find in the text and read the sentence about the aim of corn cultivation.
- •19. Say if corn and wheat can be grown on the same farm.
- •20. Agree or disagree with the following statements (True or False).
- •21. What new information have you learnt from the text?
- •22. Choose 5-7 key sentences from the text and use them as plan for retelling.
- •23. Translate text c. Try to do it without using a dictionary. Text c Maize
- •Unit 8 Wheat Pretext Exercises
- •1. Translate the words on the basis of similarity with Russian words.
- •2. Define the part of speech.
- •Vocabulary list
- •Valuable – ценный
- •3. Read and translate the text. Text a Wheat
- •4. Read and translate the following words and word combinations into Russian.
- •5. Translate the following words and word combinations into English.
- •7. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text.
- •8. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •9. Translate into Russian paying attention to Perfect Tenses.
- •10. Put the following sentences in Perfect Passive.
- •11. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to « Nominative with the Infinitive».
- •12. Find in the text answers to the following questions.
- •13. Find key sentences in each paragraph of the text and give the short summary of the text.
- •14. Skim text b and say what is the text about? Text b
- •20. Answer the following questions.
- •21. Write an annotation on the theme «Wheat».
- •Crop Breeding and Improvement
- •Pretext Exercises
- •1. Translate the following international words.
- •2.Group the words according to parts of speech.
- •Vocabulary List.
- •3. Read and translate the text. Text a Crop Breeding and Improvement
- •4. Translate the words and word combinations into Russian.
- •5. Translatefrom Russian intoEnglish.
- •6. Name the numbers of sentences, where the word "that" is translated as "который".
- •7. Match the English equivalents with Russian words.
- •8. Fill in the blanks with words from the text.
- •9. TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.
- •10.Define the sentences with "Absolute Nominative Participle Construction" and translate them.
- •11. Find in the text answers to the following questions.
- •12. Enumerate the plant characteristics which can be varied by selection.
- •13. Find key sentences in the text and use them for retelling.
- •14. Skim text b and find in the text answers to the following questions. Use dictionary if necessary.
- •Unit 10 Soil Pretext Exercises
- •1. Name the Russian equivalents of these international words.
- •2. Identify the parts of speech these words belong to.
- •Vocabulary list.
- •3. Read and translate the text. Text a Soil
- •4. Match the English equivalents with the Russian words.
- •5. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the text.
- •6. Agree or disagree with the following statements. (True or False)
- •7. Translate the following sentences paying attention to comparative construction «the…the».
- •8. Translate the sentences paying attention to the functions of the Infinitive.
- •9. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •Text b Soil Water
- •Unit 11 Crop Rotation Pretext Exercises
- •1. Give the Russian equivalents of the following international words.
- •2. Find in the text nouns derived from the following verbs.
- •Vocabulary list
- •3. Read and translate the text. Text a Crop rotation
- •4. Read and translate the following words and word combinations from English into Russian.
- •5. Translate the following words and word combinations from Russian into English.
- •6. Match the English words and word combinations with Russian equivalents.
- •7. Fill in the blanks with words and word combinations from the text.
- •8. Agree or disagree with the following statements (True or False).
- •9. Say it in English:
- •10. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the translation of “result, result in, result from, as the result”.
- •11. Translate the sentences with the construction “Complex Subject” into Russian.
- •12. Translate the sentences paying attention to the functions of the Infinitive.
- •13. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using new words from the vocabulary list:
- •Text b BeneficialEffectsofProperRotation
- •Text c Crop Rotation
- •24. Translate the following microtext using a dictionary.
- •Unit 12 Fertilizers and their Application Pretext Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words on the basis of similarity with Russian words.
- •Vocabulary list
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Russian. Text a Fertilizers and their Application
- •3. Translate the words and word combinations from English into Russian.
- •4. Translate the following words and word combinations from Russian into English.
- •5. Match the English equivalents with Russian words.
- •6. Fill in the blanks usingappropriate words from the text.
- •7. Name the numbers of sentences where:
- •8. Make up sentences connecting suitable parts.
- •9. Agree or disagree with the following statements(True or False).
- •10. Find “Complex Subject” in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •11. Define the function of “ing” forms and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •12. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the active vocabulary.
- •Text b CropRequirements
- •Texts for supplementary reading. Crop Production, as a Science
- •Origin of Cultivated Plants
- •What Plants Eat and What Chemistry Has to Do with It
- •Crop Plants and Environment
- •Amaranth, a Promising Food Crop
- •The Roots
- •Kinds of Root Systems
Unit 10 Soil Pretext Exercises
1. Name the Russian equivalents of these international words.
structure, structural, structurally, structureless
proportion, disproportion
aggregate, aggregated, segregation
erosion, erosive
normal, normally, normalization
adequate, adequately, inadequate
chemical, chemically, chemist
deficit, deficient
absorption, absorb, absorbing, absorbed
aeration, aerator
2. Identify the parts of speech these words belong to.
essential, texture, sandy, usually, greatly, cultivation, erosion, aggregated, organic, moisture, sufficient, insufficient, ordinary, necessary, oxidation, considerable, available, growth, fertilizer, favourable
Vocabulary list.
heavy soil – тяжелая почва
light soil – легкая почва
clay loam – глинистая почва
sandy soil – песчаная почва
acid soil – кислая почва
alkaline soil – щелочная почва
fine soil – мелкоструктурная почва
particle – частица
organic matter – органическое вещество
prepare – готовить
quantity – количество
in order to – для того чтобы
loam soil – суглинистая почва
volume – объем
toarrange – располагаться, устраивать (ся)
erosion – эрозия
constituent – составная часть
coarse – грубый крупнозернистый
moist – влажный
oxidation – окисление
hydrogen – водород
abundant – обильный, изобильный
water-holding capacity – влагоемкость
provided – при условии
richin – с высоким содержанием
tomeettheneeds– удовлетворять потребности
3. Read and translate the text. Text a Soil
Being less important than climate soil properties are essential in determining which crop to grow.
Texture of a soil refers to the size of its particles. Soil range from pure clays. The principle textural classes are sand, sandy loam and clay. A soil with a large proportion of clay particles is usually called a heavy soil, and the one with a large proportion of sand – a light soil, two types differing greatly in the easy cultivation. Soil structure refers to the manner in which the particles are arranged: an aggregated or compound, good seedbed preparation, easy cultivation and protection from the wind and water erosion. Aggregated structure normally is found in soils rich in organic matter.
Among soil constituents water is the most important one. The finer the soil particles, the more water the soil holds. Extremely coarse sandy soils are unable to store moisture in sufficient amounts for crops to grow well.
Air which makes up from 20 to 25 per cent by volume of an ordinary moist soil, supplies oxygen necessary for root growth and for oxidation of organic matter and other soil constituents.
To grow well crop plants need an adequate supply of plant nutrients during the growing.
About 25 or 30 chemical elements are found in plants, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen being most abundant. The essential mineral elements that are present in plants are most frequently deficient in soils are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. But in order to grow normally crops also absorb considerable quantities of other minerals, such as calcium, magnesium and sulfur.
Good soils contain adequate amounts of available nutrients to meet the needs of a crop plant for normal growth. They are too acid or too alkaline to produce good growth. In general, fertile soils with a good water-holding capacity are favorable for the growth of the most important crop plants. Some soils may have an especially wide range of crop adaptation.
However, to apply additional fertilizer is usually a good practice even on the best soil, provided growing conditions are favorable.