Indispensable portion of the suit, and women's hats have, over the years, attained a fantastic

number of shapes ranging from immense confections to no more than a few bits of cloth and

decorations piled on top of the head. Recently, the hat as an article of formal wear has fallen

out of fashion, though some kinds of hats other than baseball caps may be included in young

people's subcultural fashions.

Religious headgear

A number of hats are used for religious purposes. Observant Jewish men wear

yarmulkes, small cloth skull-caps, because they believe the head should be covered in the

presence of God. Some Jewish men wear yarmulkes at all times, others in the synagogue.

Similar to the yarmulke is the zucchetto worn by Roman Catholic clergy. Other forms of

apostolic head-gear include the mitre, biretta, tasselled cardinal's hat, and the papal tiara. A

Jamaican Judge wearing a wig as a sign of his office Male Sikhs are required to wear

turbans.

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Text 7. Origins of Jeans

Jeans were invented in Genoa, Italy when that city was an independent Republic, and a

naval power. The first jeans were made for the Genoese Navy because it required an all-

purpose pant for its sailors that could be worn wet or dry, and whose legs could easily be

rolled-up to wear swabbing the deck and for swimming. These jeans would be laundered by

dragging them in large mesh nets behind the ship, and the sea water would bleach them

white. The first denim came from (french:de) Nоmes, France ... hence the name denim. The

French word for these pants was very similar to their word for Genoa; this is where we get

the term 'jeans' today.

Jeans were developed in America in 1853, when Levi Strauss came to San Francisco to

open a west coast branch of his brothers' New York dry goods business. One of Levi's

customers was Jacob Davis, a tailor who frequently purchased bolts of cloth from the Levi

Strauss & Co wholesale house. After one of Jacob's costumers kept purchasing cloth to

reinforce torn pants, he had an idea to use copper rivets to reinforce the points of strain,

such as on the pocket corners and at the base of the button fly. Jacobs did not have the

required money to purchase a patent, so he wrote to Levi suggesting that they both go into

business together. After Levi accepted Jacobs offer, on May 20, 1874, the two men received

patent #139,121 fro m the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and the blue jean was

born.

Jeans have been often compared to four-wheel drive vehicles and hiking boots, because

they can go anywhere. Levis are known for their rugged construction, personal "shrink-to-

fit", and versatility. Originally worn by miners, farmers, and cowboys, Levis are now worn

In all walks of life.

Text 8. Moustache

A moustache (sometimes spelled mustache in the United States) is an outgrowth of

hair above the upper lip. Most men with a normal or strong beard growth must tend it daily,

by shaving the hair of the chin and cheeks, to prevent it from soon reverting to a full beard.

This necessity has engendered the invention of quite a wide variety of accoutrements

designed for the care of a gentleman's moustache. Included are: moustache wax, moustache

nets (snoods), moustache brushes, moustache combs and moustache scissors.

Historically, moustaches have been worn by military men and the number of nations,

regiments and ranks were equalled only by the number of styles and variations. Generally,

the younger men and lower ranks wore the smaller and less elaborate moustaches. As a man

advanced in rank, so did his moustache become thicker and bushier, until he ultimately was

permitted to wear an ever fuller beard. For a glimpse into this colourful and noble past, refer

to the works of famous military artists.

An English moustache was formerly used in melodramas, movies and comic books as a

shorthand indication of villainny. Snidely Whiplash, for example, was characterized by his

moustache, his cape, and his habit of kidnapping women and then tying them to train tracks,