Grammar

PASSIVE

Действительный Залог: Active Voice	Страдательный Залог: Passive Voice
(инфинитив to ask) I ask I asked I’ll ask	(инфинитив to be asked) I am asked I was asked I’ll be asked

I. The Passive Voice соответствует страдательному залогу в русском языке и образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be и причастия II (Participle II) смыслового глагола: to be written- быть написанным.

Пассивный залог показывает, что подлежащее не выполняет действие, а подвергается воздействию другого лица или предмета. Если указано, кем произведено действие, употребляется предлог by.

Ср.: John killed Bob. – Джон убил Боба.

John was killed by Bob. – Джон был убит Бобом.

Вопросительная и отрицательная форма глаголов в страдательном залоге.

Is the new play staged? When was the new play staged? (When) Will the new play be staged?

The new play is not staged. The new play was not staged. The new play will not be staged.

Т.е. Participle II – это неизменяемая часть. Изменяется только глагол to be, при этом предложения строятся по общим правилам построения предложений с этим глаголом.

Ср.: I am happy. We are happy. She is happy.

I am surprised. We are surprised. She is surprised.

He was happy. They were happy. You will be happy.

He was surprised. They were surprised. You will be surprised.

They are not happy. He was not happy. She will not be happy.

They are not surprised. He was not surprised. She will not be surprised.

Are you happy? Why were they happy? Will I be happy?

Are you surprised? Why were they surprised? Will I be surprised?

We want to be happy. I adore being happy. He should be happy.

We want to be surprised. I adore being surprised. He should be surprised.

II. Если глагол имеет предложное дополнение (to send for, to look at, to speak of и др.), то

предлог остаётся после глагола.

He is often spoken of. – О нём часто говорят.

He is often spoken to. – С ним часто говорят.

Was she looked at? – На неё смотрели?

Was she looked after? – О ней заботились?

Exercise 30. Answer the questions according to the Model.

MODEL: Where is Italian spoken? – Italian is spoken in Italy.

1. Where is Russian spoken? 2. Where is Chinese spoken? 3. Where is German spoken?

4. Where is French spoken? 5. Where is Dutch spoken? 6. Where is English spoken?

7. Where is Portuguese spoken? 8. Where is Danish spoken? 9. Where is Spanish spoken?

Exercise 31. Enjoy!

The Houses are Built

lyrics by Ken Wilson

The houses are built

And then they are pulled down,

The people are told

To move out of the town.

The letters are written,

The protests begin

But nothing is done,

The battle is won.

Won by whom?

A motorway is needed,

We must start right away

A thousand trees are cut down

The very first day.

An election is held,

The other party wins,

And the very next day

The motorway begins.

Built by whom?

A church is demolished,

The protest's made,

The office is named after

The very famous things.

The offices are damaged

By an accidental fire,

A hymn of thanksgiving

Is sung by the choir.

Nothing changed.

A minister's invited

To open a road,

A traffic jam delays him

And the day is wet and cold.

Several of guests

Are taken down with flu.

The minister arrives

And catches it, too.

Down with flu.

A man was accused

Of every social deeds.

He tried to stop the motorway

Rolling on his weeds.

The case was defended

But the prosecutor won.

Everyone was happy

For justice was done.

Exercise 32. a) Make Present Tense sentences from the given words.

Japanese / speak / in Japan – Japanese is spoken in Japan.

1. the story / base / on real events

2. oranges / export / from Spain

3. philosophy / not / teach / at school

4. children under 16 / not / allow / to see this film

5. the budget / calculate?

6. where / these gadgets / manufacture?

7. what / the novel / call?

b) Make Past Tense sentences from the given words.

1. the first sputnik / launch / in 1957

2. location scenes / shoot / in Norway

3. their film / not / nominate / for any awards

4. he / give / the main part?

5. where / the soundtrack / record?

6. when / the treatment / approve?

c) Make Future Tense sentences from the given words.

1. the curtain / raise / any minute now

2. you / entertain and educate / at the same time

3. her name / not / include / in the credits

4. the payment / not / make in cash

5. the public / impress / by the show?

6. how soon / the production unit / form?

7. what / props / use?