Вариант 3

Задание 1. Прочитайте текст и переведите его письменно. Ответьте на вопросы после текста письменно. Выучите слова (Active vocabulary).

Active vocabulary:

dependent on – зависимый от (чего-л.)	value – ценность, стоимость
commerce – торговля	upward – приблизительно, свыше
raw materials – сырье	unfavorable – неблагоприятный,
consume – потреблять	takes into account – принимает во внимание
commodities – товары	supplying – поставка, снабжение
maintain – поддерживать, сохранять	invisible – невидимый
competition – конкуренция	sufficient – достаточный

GREAT BRITAIN: FOREIGN TRADE.

No other country in the world is more dependent on foreign commerce than Great Britain. Nearly all the raw materials used in her factories must be imported from abroad. The home market cannot consume more than half of the commodities produced. New markets abroad must be found and maintained. Competition with the other world powers for these markets is much greater now than it was during the nineteenth century.

The balance of trade is the relation between the value of a country’s imports and the value of its exports.

The value of goods imported to exceed the value of goods exported has been a characteristic of the British balance of trade upward of a hundred years. It means that the trade balance is unfavorable. But it is important to note that the balance of trade takes into account only the import and export of goods. In addition to supplying one another with goods countries perform services for one another, and this also has to be paid for. Payments for services form the so-called «invisible» items in a country’s balance of payments. Those for goods in the balance of trade are called «visible» items. In most years Great Britain’s income from invisible items has been more than sufficient to cover the deficit in its balance of trade.

What, then, are these services which give rise to invisible items in the balance of payments? First, it is shipping. Not only are most of Great Britain’s imports and exports carried in British ships, but a good deal of trade in which Britain has no direct interest – for example, between South America and southern Europe – is undertaken by British shipping companies. At one time most of the goods entering into trade were carried in British ships. Two World Wars have, however, greatly reduced this country’s share in the carrying trade of the world, but Great Britain still derives a considerable income from its source.

Answer the questions:

1. Why does Great Britain depend on foreign trade?

2. What is the balance of trade?

3. What is the characteristic of the British balance of trade?

4. What does the balance of trade take into account?

5. What do countries perform each other in addition to supplying?

6. What are the so-called “invisible” and “visible” items of a country balance?

Задание 2. Перепишите следующие предложения, определяя в них видовременные формы глаголов, и укажите их инфинитив. Предложения переведите на русский язык.

1. He came home at 8 o’clock yesterday.

2. They have decided to spend their summer holidays in the south.

3. They were at the conference last week.

4. I shall see him tomorrow.

5. The student is answering the teacher’s questions.

Задание 3. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения. Предложения переведите на русский язык.

1. It is one of the most important subjects at any university.

2. The more I studied mathematics, the more I liked it.

3. The better economy works, the better off are the people.

Задание 4. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1. Any of us can carry this experiment.

2. There are some definitions of economics.

3. People on low incomes sometimes take out loans, borrow money from banks.

Задание 5. Перепишите слова, определите по суффиксу часть речи:

а) существительное;

б) прилагательное;

в) наречие

и переведите слова на русский язык.

1.employment; 2. undoubtedly; 3. fiscal; 4. investment; 5. growth; 6. primary; 7. sector; 8. transportation; 9.slightly; 10. substantial.