- •Содержание
- •Введение
- •Lesson 1. Watchkeeping. Periodic safety routines
- •Standing Orders
- •1. Lesson 2. Derangements likely to occur in operation of engines
- •Derangements and adjustments
- •The engine
- •2. Lesson 3. Wrong fits and clearances
- •Mechanical defects
- •4. Lesson 4. Fuel system defects
- •Combustion defects
- •Cooling water system defects
- •Lubricating system defects
- •Air system defects
- •5. Lesson 5. Starting difficulties
- •Operating troubles in general
- •Vibration
- •The engine
- •7. Lesson 7. Diesel engine maintenance
- •8. Lesson 8. Irregularities in operation, causes and remedies I Notes
- •Irregularities in Operation, Causes and Remedies
- •The Cylinder Heads
- •11. Lesson 11. Pumps
- •Operation and maintenance instructions
- •During operation
- •Irregularities, their causes and remedies
- •12. Lesson 12. Air compressor
- •Heat exchangers. Plate type. Operation, maintenance and troubleshooting
- •Библиографический список
- •Приложение а Words and expressions
- •Useful verbs
1. Lesson 2. Derangements likely to occur in operation of engines
Notes:
Upon first sight the Diesel engine is apt to create the impression that it is a very complicated mechanism, but a little analysis will reveal that it is actually more simple than the steam plant. Comparing the two it should be born in mind that the steam engine alone is not a usable machine; to be able to use it we must have a boiler and all the attendant mechanisms, including pumps, piping, water tanks, condenser, etc., and the complete steam plant becomes quite a complicated thing. The Diesel engine, on the other hand, may be arranged so that all of the apparatus required in its operation as a power plant may be attached directly to the engine itself.
Perhaps the most striking difference in the problem of maintenance of the Diesel engine as compared to steam engine maintenance arises from the fact that the steam engine can be allowed to fall, more or less gradually, into a very bad state of disrepair and will continue to run but the Diesel engine must be pretty nearly right or it will not run at all.
Derangements and adjustments
The derangements likely to occur in operation and the adjustments required to correct them may be grouped into the following general classes:
a) Wrong fits and clearances, looseness and tightness of parts.
b) Mechanical defects.
c) Fuel system defects.
d) Combustion defects.
e) Cooling water system defects.
f) Lubricating system defects.
g) Air system defects.
Starting difficulties.
Operating troubles in general.
Exercise 1. Answer the following questions.
1) What impression is the Diesel engine apt to create upon first sight?
2) What should be born in mind when comparing the Diesel engine and the steam engine?
3) What is the most striking difference in the problem of maintenance of the Diesel as compared to steam engine maintenance?
4) What conditions are necessary to make the Diesel run at all? 5) What kinds of mechanical defects do you know? 6) What kinds of fuel system defects do you know? 7) What kinds of combustion defects do you know? 8) What kinds of cooling water system defects do you know? 9) What kinds of lubricating system defects do you know? 10) What kinds of air system defects do you know? 11) What kinds of starting difficulties are familiar to you? 12) How can you characterize operating troubles in general?
Exercise 2. Give the equivalents of the following.
In Russian: starting difficulties; wrong fits; combustion defects; lubricating system; to create the impression; attendant mechanisms; the most striking difference; exceeds limit marked on boiler front; adjustment of excess air; main propulsion system; the generator trips off the line; hose coupling; watertight doors; carbon dioxide cylinder storage room
In English: действующие технические средства, неполадки в работе технических средств, вахтенный моторист, выполнять распоряжения, неисправности, которые чаще всего встречаются в эксплуатации, принять необходимые меры по устранению неисправностей, неправильные зазоры, мощность на валу, вспомогательный котел, поддерживать чистоту и порядок, создавать впечатление, с другой стороны, снимать показания, вспомогательные механизмы.
Exercise 4. Translate into English.
1) На первый взгляд дизель может показаться очень сложным механизмом, но небольшой анализ покажет, что в действительности он значительно проще, чем паровая машина с котлом, вспомогательными механизмами, конденсаторами и т. д.
2) Неисправности, которые чаще всего встречаются в эксплуатации, могут быть классифицированы следующим образом:
а) механические дефекты;
b) неправильные зазоры;
с) плохая пригонка и т. д.
3) Если возникнут неисправности во время эксплуатации, следует принять необходимые меры по их устранению.
4) С одной стороны, дизельный двигатель может быть собран таким образом, что все инструменты, необходимые для его работы, такие как силовая установка, могут быть прикреплены непосредственно к самому двигателю.
5) Необходимо помнить, что паровой двигатель сам по себе не является полезным механизмом, чтобы мы могли его использовать нам нужен паровой котел и все сопутствующие устройства, включая насосы, трубы, конденсаторы и т.д.
Exercise 5. Make up a dialogue of your own based on the one given below.
