3 . Find the answers to the following questions.

1. When did Pacioli publish his fifth book?

2. What disciplines did Luka Pacioli study?

3. What does “summa summarium” mean?

4. How many columns did the journal include?

5. What does a successful merchant need?

4. Match the word to its definition.

1 survey	a. writing items in; transferring from a day book to a ledger
2. posting	b. a general view or consideration of something
3. ledger	c. a spoken or written account of connected events in order of happening
4. journal	d. a tall narrow book in which a firm’s accounts are kept, esp. one which is the principal book of a set and contains debitor and creditor accounts
5. narrative	e. a book in which business transactions are entered, with a statement of the accounts to which each is to be debited and credited

5. Which of the following sentences correspond to the text content?

1. Pacioli had got good knowledge of different disciplines, subjects.

2. The invention of double-entry bookkeeping didn’t help to develop accounting.

3. Luca Pacioli could not write and read.

4. Each good merchant needs a good bookkeeper and an accounting system.

5. The numbers on the left side are named “debits” and the numbers on the right side are named “credits”.

6. Think and say how the history of accounting could change without the Pacioli's invention.

7. Attempting to explain why double entry bookkeeping developed in 14th century Italy instead of ancient Greece or Rome, accounting scholar A. C. Littleton described seven "key ingredients" which led to its creation.

Decide which of the given below factors were these "key ingredients". Compare your list with a partner’s.

- Private property; - Climate; - Capital; - Commerce; - Credit;

- Natural resources; - Writing; - Money; - Monarchy; - Arithmetic.

8. Be ready to tell about the following:

1. When and how did accounting emerge in Russia?

2.What famous Russian accountants do you know? (N. Emelyanov, S.F. Ivanov, A.I. Gulyaev, S.S. Desortsev, N.S. Lunski, E.E. Feldgausen, etc.)

3. What is the first official accounting document in Russian? (Admiralty Regulation, 1722; the Military Statute, 1726).

9. Read these fractions. Use them in the sentences of your own.

10. Write down the following in figures:

• three is to nine, as four is to twelve;

• two thousand and thirty five plus three hundred and forty one is equal to two thousand three hundred and seventy six;

• sixty four multiplied by eight equals five hundred and twelve;

• ten divided by three is approximately equal to three point three three;

• five hundred minus two hundred and forty one is less than eight hundred minus three hundred and twenty one;

• five to fifteen, as seven is to twenty one;

• three thousand two hundred plus four hundred and eleven is more than one thousand eight hundred and seventy five minus forty three;

• one hundred and twelve minus twenty three is not equal to four hundred and fifteen plus seventy six.