Education in Ukraine

All citizens of Ukraine have the right to education. The educational system in our country includes pre-school education, secondary education (general or vocational education) and higher education.

Preschool education consists of kindergartens. Children learn to paint, draw and count there. But preschool education isn’t compulsory – children can get it at home. Compulsory education is for children from 6 (7) to 18 years of age.

The main link in the system of education is the general secondary school. Children start school at the age of 6 and leave it at 18.

There are various types of schools: general secondary schools, colleges, so called lyceums, gymnasia and so on. The term of study in a general secondary school is 12 years and it consists of primary, middle and upper stages. The first stage of education is a primary school for grades 1 through 4.

The second stage (middle) is a secondary school for grades 5 through 9. At the middle stage of a secondary school the children get the basic knowledge about nature and society at the lessons of History, Algebra, Literature, Physics and many other subjects. After the 9th form pupils can either continue to attend the same school (high school – grades 10–12) or enter a vocational school or a trade school. At vocational and trade schools young people can master a number of useful skills (for example, those of a technical or

a computer operator).

Those who leave the general secondary school and vocational or trade school receive the school living certificate. Then they have the right to pass standardized tests and enter higher educational institutions — universities. School life is the most beautiful time of our life.

Ex.4. Заповніть пропуски в поданих реченнях:

1. All citizens of Ukraine have the … to education.

2. Children learn to paint, … and count there.

3. Children start … at the age of 6 and leave it at 18.

4. The second stage (middle) is a secondary … for grades 5 through 9.

5. School life is the most beautiful … of our life.

Ex.5. Прочитайте та перекладіть діалог:

A.- Tom, I have big news to tell you. I have made a very big decision.

T.- Well, come on. What is it?

A.- I am going to apply to technical college.

T.- You are what? But I thought you wanted to teach.

A.-1 have decided to give that up. I have a friend, who had got the degree in

history. He must teach at school, but he has been looking for a teaching position

for a year.

T.- But Ann, it is very difficult to enter the technical college today.

A.- I know, but I try.

T.- Well, good luck!

Домашнє завдання:

Ex. 2. Вивчіть новий лексичний матеріал.

Ex.6. Висловіть свою думку:

1. The principal tasks of higher education.

2. Problems of higher education in Ukraine.

3. My entering the technical college.

Unit.28.Освіта в Великобританії. Теперішній тривалий час.

Ex. 1.Дайте відповіді на питання:

1. Is British educational system different than Ukrainian?

2. Are there any private schools in England?

3. When do British boys and girls begin to go to school?

4. Have you read anything about the uniform at schools and universities in England?

Ex. 2.Прочитайте та запам’ятайте наступні слова та вирази:

• compulsory education- обов'язкова освіта

• nursery school- дитячий садок

• primary education- початкова освіта

• selective- вибірковий

• a vide choice of subjects- широкий вибір предметів

• vocational training- професійна підготовка

• grammar schools- класичні школи

• unfair-несправедливий

• General Certificate of Secondary Education- свідоцтво про закінчення середньої школи в Англії

• Advancedlevel( Alevel) - екзамен за програмою середньої школи на підвищеному рівні

• Catering- громадське харчування

• To be run- проводитися, викладатися

• Youth training scheme-освітня молодіжна програма

• Living allowance- грошова допомога

• Postgraduate- аспірантський

- Bachelor of Arts or Science-бакалавр гуманітарних або математичних наук

• Professional bodies- професійні органи

• Grand- стипендія

• Loan- позика

• Award- присуджувати

Ex. 3. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст:

Education in Great Britain

All children and young people between the ages of 4 or 5 and 16 must receive full-time education. About 93 percent receive free education from public funds, the rest attend private fee-paying schools. The average pupil-teacher ratio for all schools is about 47 to 1.

The principal examination, at about the age of 16, is the General Certificate of Secondary Education. A mixture of the advanced level of the General Certificate of Education and advanced supplimentary level (giving opportunities for study in a wider range of subjects) may be taken at 18. It is the standard for entrance to higher education courses as well as many forms of professional training. About 2/5 of all young people get some form of post-school education. About 1/6 enter full-time higher education courses at the 47 universities, 31 polytechnics, 15 Scottish central institutions and other publicly funded colleges. Over 90 percent of students on full-time higher-education courses receive tuition and maintenance grants from public funds.

The public exams taken by British schoolchildren are GCSEs (the General Certificate of Secondary Education). They take them at 16. Some children take 3 or 4, others take as many as 10 or 11. Those who have passed GCSEs may remain at school for another 2 years and take their “A” (advanced) level exams. Any student who wants to go to university needs to pass at least 2 or 3 “A”levels.

There are different kinds of educational institutions in Great Britain: universities, colleges (residential and non-residential), University extra-mural departments, evening departments at colleges.

At the beginning of your last year at school you receive an application form. On this form you choose up to five universities that you would like to go to. The form is sent to those universities with information from your school about you and your academic record. If the universities are interested in your application, they will ask you to attend an interview. If they are still interested after the interview, they will offer you a place.

At present there are about 40 universities in Great Britain: practically every big city of the country has a university.

A university usually consists of some colleges, which are a part of the University. They provide training and give degrees to their students.

Universities in Britain are different from those in other countries. They greatly differ from each other in date of foundation, history, tradition, size, methods of teaching, way of student life, etc.

Until the 19th century there were only two universities in England: Oxford and Cambridge. Both Universities are residential. They have a tutorial system of education. Each student has a tutor who helps the student to plan his work.

The student must regularly come to see his tutor. They discuss different questions and problems. A student writes papers on the subject which he is studying and submits them regularly to his tutor for correction.

College is a separate institution. Most colleges are state colleges but there are also private colleges. At present there are about 300 technical colleges in England. They give diplomas, not degrees.

The academic year has 3 terms. Each term lasts about eight — ten weeks. Between terms the students have their holidays — a month in winter, a month in spring and three or four months in summer.

Ex. 4. Складіть 3 запитання до тексту.

Ex. 5. Заповніть пропуски:

1. The average pupil-teacher ratio for all … is about 47 to 1.

2. It is the standard for entrance to higher education courses as well as many … of professional training.

3. Any student who wants to go to … needs to pass at least 2 or 3 “A”levels.

4. If they are still interested after the interview, they will … you a place.

5. They provide training and give … to their students.

6. The student must regularly … to see his tutor.

7. Most colleges are state colleges but there are also … colleges.

Ex. 6. Прочитайте в парах діалог:

- Hello, Tom!

- Hi, Ann!

- Will you try to enter the university this year?

- Yes, I work hard to do this. I want to become a student of Oxford University.

- What is necessary to enter the good British University?

- Good "A " level results in at least two subjects.

Ex.7. Прочитайте та запам’ятайте наступні правила:

PresentContinuous вживається:

1. Для вираження дії, що відбувається в момент мовлення e. g. - Whatareyoudoingnow? - Iamreadingabook 2. Для вираження тривалої дії, що відбувається в певний період цього часу ( не обов’язково в момент мовлення) e. g. -WhatareyoudoinghereintheKyiv - I’mstudyingattheUniversity. 3. Для вираження тривалої дії, що відбувається одночасно з іншою в теперішньому часі. I’m happy when I am speaking English. 4. Для вираження запланованої дії, особливо з дієсловами руху.

To go іти, їхати To come приходити To fly летіти To leave від’їжджати To start вирушати

e. g. We are going to village in the evening.

They are flying to London next Monday

5. Для вираження наміру у виразі to Be going to + I e. g. I am going to visit my mother. He is going to help me.

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE.

I

am

I

am not

you

you

we

are

going

we

are not

going

they

opening

they

opening

he

he

she

is

she

is not

it

it

am

I

you

now

are

we

going ?

these day

they

opening?

today

tonight

he

is

she

it

Ex.8. Додайте –ing закінчення до поданих нижче слів:

Help, sing, begin, enjoy, get, learn, give, sit, eat, watch, wash, take, buy, put, go, paint, leave.

Ex.9. Поставте подані речення у заперечній і питальній формах:

1. A chambermaid is cleaning their suits now.

2. She is watching television at the moment.

3. Molly translating an article.

4. The teacher is explaining a grammar rule.

5. They are playing football now.

6. Jack and Sam are gathering pears in the garden.

7. We are going to reserve a double room.

8. My sister is writing a letter.

9. The women is playing with a child.

10. We are listening to the stereo.

Ex.10. Розкрийте дужки вживаючи дієслово в Present Continuous Tense:

1. I still (to write) a letter.

2. We (to stay) at the Astoria Hotel.

3. They (to play) football.

4. I (to expect) a guest. Please, say that I’ll be back soon.

5. It (not to snow) now.

6. The students (not to have) a lecture now.

7. He (to leave) tonight.

8. She (to explain) a grammar rule?

9. What (to do) Peter? – He (to fill in) the blank.

10. Her health (to improve) day after day?

11. We (to have) dinner now.

12. Don’t disturb us. My father (to sleep).

13. Who (to speak) with you?

14. Where is John? – He (to check) the luggage.

15. It still (to rain).

Домашнє завдання:

Ex.2. Вивчити новий лексичний матеріал.

Ex.5.Вивчити правила.

Ex.11. Перетворіть подані нижче речення в Present Continuous, та перекладіть їх:

1. I don’t play chess every day.

2. Kate cooks dinner every day.

3. Grandpa doesn’t walk in the park very often.

4. Do you read this book?

5. I eat ice cream every Monday.

6. My brother doesn’t often talk on the phone.

7. He played computer games yesterday.

8. Helen doesn’t listen to pop music.

9. What did he do yesterday?

10. My dog doesn’t eat apples.

Ex. 3. Перекажіть текст: «Education in Great Britain».

Питання дня самоконтролю:

1. Is British educational system different than Ukrainian?

2. Як утворюється Present Continuous?

3. Коли вживається Present Continuous?

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