19. Fill in the prepositions:

1. To rest largely ______ cotton

2. Economy went ______ recession

3. The pattern ______ boom and slump

4. Superior ______ terms of competitiveness

5. Repeal ______ the corn laws

6. Investment ______ the sector

7. The united states were catching Britain ______

20. Now read the third text of this Unit. It touches upon the problems of transformation of the economy in Britain in the 19th century. The transformation of the economy

For a few decades in the 19th century British manufactured goods dominated world trade. Most mass manufactured items were produced more efficiently and competitively in Britain than elsewhere. It also had the commercial, financial and political power to edge out rivals at home and abroad. In some industries, most notably textiles, massive changes took place in technology and in the organization of production causing dramatic productivity growth. This in turn brought a steep decline in prices. In many other sectors more modest organizational improvements coupled with greater specialization and the employment of cheap labor brought similar, though less dramatic, results. An unprecedented range and variety of products thus came within the grasp of a new mass market both within Britain and overseas. No other country could at first compete so Britain became the workshop of the world.

The period from the late 18th century to the mid-Victorian years witnessed a major shake up and change in both the economy and society. This was seen in the organization and finance of industry and commerce, the skills and work practices of production and technology, massive population growth and urbanization and the development and disciplining of labor. Canal, river, road and sea transport were all greatly improved. From the 1840s, railways revolutionized the speed of communication and the transport of passengers and, more gradually, freight. The role of government on both national and local levels was considerably transformed. The dynamism of the economy shifted firmly from agriculture to industry and trade. Some regions, notably coalfield areas, rapidly industrialized. Others saw revolutionary change focused around the development of trade and ship building in port cities. Some regions concentrated on commercial agriculture and others stagnated. By the mid-19th century, industrialization had altered the lives of women and children as much as those of men. Ideas of gender and ethnicity as well as class had changed. Industrialization had affected consumption and commerce as much as industry, leisure as much as work. It involved shifts in motivations, aspirations, ideologies and aesthetics.

21. Fill in the gaps with the proper words and phrases:

Commercial, unprecedented, improvement, witness, improve, massive, industrialization, affect, leisure, aspiration.

1. A ______ bank is a type of bank that provides services such as accepting deposits, making business loans, and offering basic investment products.

2. Riley has a/an ______ to become an economist.

3. Holidays are days taken off work by an employee for ______.

4. The experience ______ me deeply.

5. ______ is a process of social and economic change whereby a human society is transformed from a pre-industrial to an industrial state.

6. The enlightenment comprises ______ shifts in many areas of Western thought.

7. Buying more servers would ______  performance.

8. The ______ for the prosecution did not seem very credible.

9. A useful addition to, or modification of, a machine, manufacture, or composition is called ______.

10. It was an ______ event.