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Vocabulary

agriculture (n)

сельское хозяйство

hand-work

физический труд

machine-work

механизированный труд

demand (n)

спрос

steam-engine

паровой двигатель

product (n)

товар

trade unionism

профсоюзное движение

franchise (n)

право голоса (на выборах)

tenant (n) (of land)

арендатор (земли, земельного участка)

trade(s) union

профсоюз

unemployment (n)

безработица

strike (n)

забастовка

owner (n)

владелец

coalmine (n)

угольная шахта

financial (a)

финансовый

market (n)

рынок

social services

социальное обеспечение

insurance (n)

страховка; страхование

legislation (n)

законодательство; свод законов

economic (a)

экономический

production (n)

производство

affluent society

богатое общество (общество всеобщего благоденствия)

price (n)

цена

wage freeze

замораживание заработной платы

devaluation of sterling

девальвация фунта стерлинга

budget (n)

бюджет

income tax

подоходный налог

voter (n)

избиратель

Vocabulary exercises

  1. Which of the following statements are true/false according to the text? Correct the false sentences:

1. At the end of the 18th century there were the most profound political changes in British history.

2. The Industrial Revolution was characterized by hand-work at home.

3. The Industrial Revolution has nothing to do with Victorian Britain.

4. After Queen Victoria's reign Britain became known as «the workshop of the world».

5. Life in the new factories and towns was quite easy.

6. People worked for high wages and lived in good houses.

7. At the end of the century, there was a massive increase in trade unionism.

8. Parliament never came to terms with the new social conditions.

9. During the 1950s, there was an increase in the private sector.

10. The main problems faced by the Government were social.

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