- •Письменный перевод для инженеров Technical English Translation
- •Тема 1. Лексические вопросы перевода
- •XXIV. Сравните оригинал и перевод. Определите трансформации, использованные при переводе: civil engineering
- •Railway construction
- •Machine building
- •Traffic management
- •Information systems and technologies
- •XXV. Определите уровни эквивалентности, опираясь на перевод:
- •XXXV. Suggest Russian translation to English Idioms:
- •Тема 2. Грамматические вопросы перевода
- •I. Define form and function of non-finite forms of the verb and translate the following sentences:
- •Analysis and translation of simple sentence
- •Sentence structure
- •II. Analyze and translate the following attributive phrases:
- •Analysis and translation of composite sentence
- •I. Analyze and translate the following sentences:
- •2. At the beginning of the century scientists succeeded in breaking the tiny nucleus of an atom by attacking it with even tinier particles propelled at enormous speeds.
- •3. The size of atoms varies, depending upon the number of electrons revolving around the nucleus.
- •4. Anything that destroys the hydrogen ion by combining with or destroying its positive charge is said to neutralize the acid.
- •5. We find the condenser to be, on the whole, two conductors separated by a dielectric medium or an insulating material.
- •6. The unit of heat is called a calorie, the word calorie coming from the latin word calor which means heat.
- •7. The most active metals combine directly with hydrogen when heated in its presence.
- •8. A steam turbine is known to operate by means ot heat which it derives from steam and which it converts into mechanical work.
- •9. An elastic body is one that tends to return to its original shape when the deforming force is removed.
- •10. In the processes taking place in a nuclear reactor leading to the release of atomic energy, it is only the atomic nuclei, which are involved while the electrons may be neglected.
- •11. A farad being too large a unit for practical use, a microfarad is generally employed for measuring capacity.
- •12. It should be kept in mind that molecules, atoms, and electrons are all so small that the most powerful microscope in the world is insufficient to reveal them.
- •13. Some of the oxides do not appear to react with water at all.
- •14. The atoms, which form the molecules, are, of course, smaller than the molecules, the electrons of which the atoms are composed being still smaller.
- •15. Measurements made on rocks containing radioactive elements can be interpreted to provide rough values of the age of the earth.
- •Тема 3. Стилистические вопросы перевода
- •Subjective recommendations
- •Stylistic tips
- •Individual shortcomings of authors’ articles
- •Тема 4. Перевод и реферирование текстов
- •Designing Environmentally Friendly Communities
- •Diners May Be Willing to Pay More to Eat at 'Green' Restaurants
- •Mechanical Metallurgy Examples
- •Характеристика режущих инструментов
- •Bridge rebuilding will mean changes for Metra commuters
- •Тенденции года 2012
Subjective recommendations
1.
«Напыщенные» латинские слова |
Односложные «старые добрые» слова |
It would have been difficult to accomplish a similar objective with the other techniques. |
It would have been hard to do the same thing with the other technique. |
2.
Плохой стиль |
Хороший стиль |
tried out |
attempted |
help |
assist, assistance |
get back |
return |
good |
acceptable, satisfactory |
goes up |
increases |
goes down |
decreases |
right after |
immediately following |
Stylistic tips
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Новый важный подход an important new approach.
Новые важные предложения important new proposals.
7. unit modifiers:
два существительных |
gas-phase hydrolysis |
существительное и прилагательное |
water-soluble polymer |
наречие и прилагательное |
above-average results ever-present danger still-new equipment |
наречие и причастие |
above-listed above-discussed well-known |
числительное и существительное |
three-stage turbine |
существительное и причастие |
rate-limiting step |
числительное и размерность |
20-mg sample 10-minute exposure |
числительное, единица измерения и прилагательное |
3-year-old salmon |
Не надлежит речь от речи хранить в переводе,
но точно, сенс выразумев, на своем языке уже
так писат как внятнее может быт.
Пётр I
Individual shortcomings of authors’ articles
Wordiness:
The choice of screens of proper mesh size and regularity for maximum benefit as turbulence damping devices, as well as choice of number of screens to be used and proper spacing, is rather obscure from a design standpoint. Experimental verification is mandatory and often a purely experimental approach is required. |
Выбор сетчатых экранов с подходящим размером и формой ячеек, обеспечивающими максимальную пользу экранов в качестве устройств для демпфирования турбулентности, а также выбор количества используемых экранов и правильного расстояния между ними – дело довольно неясное с конструкторской точки зрения. Необходима еще и экспериментальная проверка, а часто требуется чисто экспериментальный подход. |
The proper mesh size, the number, and the proper spacing of the screens can be determined only by experimentation. |
Правильные размер ячеек, количество и шаг сетчатых экранов можно определить только экспериментально. |
Wordy clichés:
Clichés |
Short equivalent |
with the aid of |
|
involves the use of |
|
by means of |
|
is in the form |
|
in an effort to |
|
in the vicinity of |
|
as a result |
|
at the rate of 60 cps |
|
at the same time as |
|
for a period of |
|
hexagonal in shape |
|
red in color |
|
in many cases |
|
is expected to observe |
|
may be seen |
|
we find there is no |
|
has been shown to be equal |
|
Gobbledygook:
James Lawrence’s words: |
Gobbledygook |
Translation |
Don’t give up the ship! |
Personnel aboard this vessel are not authorized to initiate abandonment procedures!’ |
Персонал, находящийся на борту этого судна, не правомочен начинать процесс по его оставлению! |
Gobbledygook |
Paraphrase |
Translation |
The incorporation of recovery within the same basic framework should be quite useful in analysing structural situations with strongly varying load and/or temperature histories, but the simulated recovery behavior could also use some quantitative improvement.
|
The inclusion of recovery in the model should be quite useful in analyzing structures with strongly varying load temperature, but even the simulated recovery could be approximated more accurately.
|
Учет возврата в модели будет очень полезен при расчете конструкций с сильно изменяющейся нагрузкой или температурой, но даже и такой смоделированный возврат можно аппроксимировать еще точнее.
|
Roundabout writing:
A decrease in viscosity at high shear rate ca be the result of pseudoplastic shear thinning (non-Newtonian behavior) or viscous heating in the capillary at high shear stress resulting in a viscosity decrease be=cause of local temperature increases. |
Некоторое уменьшение вязкости при высокой скорости сдвига может происходить в результате псевдопластического утончения при сдвиге (неньютоновское поведение жидкости) или нагрева, обусловленного трением в капилляре и ведущего к местным повышениям температуры. |
A decrease in viscosity … can be the result of … viscous heating … resulting in a viscosity decrease. |
