Software

№

Term

Definition

Usage

Add (v)

join or put sth in(to) sth else so as to increase the size, number, or amount

~ a(n) function/program/text/image;

~ on program/the weight;

addition (n): in ~ to; additive (n);

added (adj); additional (adj): ~;

syn. append, augment

ant. subtract, deduct

Application (n)

a formal request to an authority; a set of one or more programs designed to carry out operations for a specific purpose unable to run on its own but dependent on the system software to execute

documentation/graphics /presentation /spreadsheet and statistical/data management/file management/ information and reference software/ education and training/entertainment /accounting and finance/business ̴ ;

~ of force; develop/set up/uninstall /update ~; apply (v): ~ for a job/post/position; applied (adj): ~ science/mathematics; (non)applicable (adj); applicational (adj); applicative (adj): ~ knowledge/language/system

BIOS

(Basic Input/Output System) (n)

program code and data stored in permanent memory and used for booting process

~ setup;

embedded/flash ~;

display the ~ information

Boot (v)

kick sth hard in a specified direction; turn on a computer and get into the operating system

~ accelerator/application/band/a computer/code/disc/drive/menu/sector/virus; booting (n): ~ drive/environment /procedure/ process/sequence/stage;

bootable (adj): ~ CD/drive/diskette; reboot (v)

syn. reset, (re)start

Catalogue (n)

an itemized list of titles, course offerings, or articles for exhibition or sale, including descriptive information or illustrations; a publication containing such a list

~ code/of samples/name; enter in/make a ~ of; catalogue (v): ~ business/buyers/by authors;

cataloguing (n): ~ problem; catalogued (adj), cataloguer (n);

syn. archive, directory

Cluster (n)

a group of similar things or people positioned or occurring closely together; a group of connected computers; the smallest managed section of a hard drive that holds a file

cluster (adj): ~ address/administrator/ administration/allocation/acceleration/bomb; form/organize ~(s);

clustered (adj): ~ access/database/index;

syn. file allocation unit, array, bunch

Compatible (adj)

able to exist or occur together without problems or conflict; able to match previous versions of software, operating systems or hardware devices

backward/downward~;

~ application/browser/circuit/blood;

syn. adaptable, appropriate, consistent;

ant. incompatible, (in)compatibility (n)

Context (n)

the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, in terms of which it can be fully understood; the virtual environment required to suspend a running software program

consider/examine/look at/see/ understand/view sth in the ~ of; general/larger/overall/wider/ educational/regional/historical/cultural ~; recognize/define/describe the ~;

contextual (adj): ~ analysis/declaration;

context (adj): ~ switch/menu/area/ analysis/activation;

syn. background

ant. foreground

Desktop (adj)

(of office appliances, such as photocopiers and printers) which can be fitted on top of a desk

~ publishing/computer/ apparatus/ computer/access/application/analysis/

environment/accessories/configuration

Design (v)

decide upon the look and functioning of (a building, garment, or other object), by making a detailed drawing of it

~ a book/building/curriculum;

redesign (v); design (n): ~ approval/ arrangement/automation; designer (n): ~ fashion/leading/podium/clothes /label/aids;

syn. architecture, arrangement, construction, layout

Driver (n)

a person who drives a vehicle; a program that controls the operation of a device such as a printer or scanner

device/hardware/software/upgrade/test ~; (un)install/update a ~;

drive (v): ~ a car/vehicle/at sth; ~ innovation; driverless (adj); driving (adj, n): the main/principal ~ force of/behind sth; ~ license, reckless ~

Embed (v)

fix (an object) firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass; incorporate sth (text, code, picture) within the body of a file or document

~ channel/file/chip/structure/function/ system/operation/ technology/software in(to) sth; embedding (n), embeddable (adj), embeddability (n), embedded (adj): ~ OS; embedment (n);

syn. enclose, insert

Emulate (v)

match or surpass (a person or achievement), typically by imitation; reproduce the function or action of a different computer, software system, etc.

~ a sound/action/design/environment/ one’s father/sb’s hairstyle/sb’s success; emulation (n), emulator (n),

emulative (adj);

syn. imitate, copy

Encapsulate (v)

enclose sth in or as if in a capsule; provide an interface for (a piece of software or hardware) to allow or simplify access for the user

~ a layer/information/program/code;

encapsulation (n);

encapsulated (adj)

Function (n)

an activity that is natural to or the purpose of sb/sth; a basic task of a computer, especially one that corresponds to a single instruction from the user

built-in/system/value/virtual/ annual/social ~; fulfill/perform/attend a ~; ~ procedure/editor/reference/ template; function (v): ~ as a robot/ normally; (non/dis)functional (adj); functionally (adv); functionality (n);

syn. feature, action, activity, operation

Icon (n)

sb or sth regarded as a representative symbol or as worthy of veneration; a symbol or graphic representation on a screen of a program, option, or window

pop/rock/fashion ~; ~ bar/control/ editor/-based/-driven;

program/document ~; change an ~;

iconic (adj): ~ structure/path/interface /model; create/change an ~; iconize (v); iconify (v); iconics (n);

syn. figure, picture, symbol

Implement (v)

put (a decision, plan, agreement, etc.) into effect

~  a(n) scenario/action/plan/ agreement; implementation (n): program ~; ~ chart/file/defect/ error/ pattern; implement (n): garden ~ (s); implementer(or) (n); implementable (adj); implementability (n);

syn. achieve, carry out, complete

Install (v)

place or fix (equipment or machinery) in position ready for use; copy all of the necessary files to run a software program on a computer

~ (a) software/driver/process; installer (n); installing (n); installed (adj): ~ equipment/capacity/base;

installation (n): ~ aids/company/cost/ directions/instruction/manual/process/program/tool/wizard; installability (n); installable (adj): ~ device driver/RAM;

syn. put in place

ant. uninstall

Interface (n)

a point where two systems, subjects, organizations, etc. meet and interact; a device or program enabling a user to communicate with a computer

system/program/graphical/object/user/functional ~; ~ adapter/agent/area/ card /channel/computer/connection/ element/design/functionality/kit/

protocol;

interface (v): ~ with another system or person, interfaced (adj); interfacial (adj): ~ connection/failure/joint/ resistance/tension;

interfacing (n): ~ capability/circuit/ protocol/software;

syn. interact with, connect with;

Cf. GUI (Graphical User Interface)

WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer)

Iteration (n)

repetition of a process or utterance; repetition of a function or process in a computer program; a new version of a piece of computer hardware or software

~ cycle/algorithm/function/factor/ index/loop/mode; iterative (adj): ~ algorithm/analysis/approach/code/ calculation/circuit/formula/function/ filter/method/network/procedure/ technique;

iterate (v): ~ a(n) operation/function/ process; iterating (adj); iterated (adj): ~ code/form/graph/operator;

syn. repetition, review

Kernel (n)

the central or most important part of sth; the most basic level or core of an operating system, responsible for resource allocation, file management, and security

~ debugger/call/function/mode/driver; ~ of security/action/integral;

program/real-time/separable/expanded /security ~; address/define a ~,

syn. center, core

ant. periphery

Launch (v)

set (a newly built ship or boat) afloat for the first time with an official ceremony; send (a missile, satellite, or spacecraft) on its course; start or set in motion (an activity or program)

~ a campaign/program/vessel/ warship /rocket/spaceship;

launch (n): ~ angle/power/team/ window; launcher (n): waveguide ~; launching (n): ~ pad/basin/ fiber/rail/ site/tower; launchpad (n); launchway (n): ~ operation;

syn. start, commence, open

ant. close, end, finish

License (n)

 an agreement that allows sb or sth to use a service or perform an action as long as they agree to the terms provided in it

obtain/revoke a ~;

grant a ~ to sb;

~ agreement/fee/key/contract/holder; ~ -free; shrink-wrap/group/ corporate ~; licensed (adj): ~ software/product/ dealer/party; licensee (n); licenser(or) (n); licensing (adj): ~ procedure/scheme, service;

syn. certificate, warrant, permit

Menu (n)

the food available or to be served in a restaurant or at a meal; a list from which to choose; a list of commands or facilities displayed on screen

icon-driven/quick access/drop-down/context/pull-down/pop-up/application/feature/cascading ~;

~ box/button/access/choice/driven/ entry/key/-driven/-guided/type/bar;

click on/ choose from/change ~

Operating system (OS) (n)

the software that supports a computer's basic functions, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals

~ failure/design/kernel/management;

server/user/home edition/virtual/ multiuser/multitasking/ multiprocessing/mobile ~; (un)install/update/change/reconfigure/be compatible with an ~

Package (n)

an object or group of objects wrapped in paper or packed in a box; software that is bunched together to make a complete set

~ advertising/contract/deal/file/ holiday/module/offer/paper/tour; ~ of subcontract works; build/create a ~;

packaged (adj): ~ software/system/ unit; packager (n); packaging (n): ~ density/film/machine/process/robot;

syn. kit, parcel, container, box

Pointer (n)

a long, thin piece of metal on a scale or dial which moves to indicate a figure or position; a movable indicator on a computer screen identifying the point that will be affected by input from the user

~ device/sort/instrument/operation/ token/tool/-driven/-linked;

screen ~; control/base/vertical/ address ~; point (v): ~ out problems/errors; point (n): boiling/freezing/hot ~; bring up/ raise/concede/yield/cover /discuss/ emphasize/stress/underscore a ~; speak to the ~; at a ~; on this ~;

pointless (adj): ~ argument;

syn. cursor, arrow

Recover (v)

return to a normal state of health, mind, or strength; stabilize or take a computer or electronic device back to a point when it was stable, or restore a file that has been deleted

~ command/function/from an error;

recovery (n): system ~, ~ bug/control/ data/factor/node/period/process/rate/ work/time; recoverer (n): program ~;

recovered (adj): ~ file/heat/oil/signal;

recovering (n): ~ time/probability;

(ir)recoverable (adj): ~ error/failure/ reserves; recoverability (n);

syn. reclaim, regain, restore

Release (v)

allow or enable to escape from confinement; set free; make (a film, recording, or other product) available to the public

~ a film/disc/book/button/prisoner;

release (n): ~ date/key/node, ~ of pressure/information/fluid;

released (adj): ~ capacity/state/version;

releaser (n);

syn. (set) free, let go, issue

Script (n)

handwriting as distinct from print; an automated series of instructions carried out in a specific order; a small non-compiled program written for a scripting language or command interpreter

~ file/language/font; command/machine/writer ~;

(re)write/create/compose/delete/edit a ~; scripting (n): ~ engine/ programming language; inscription (n), inscribe (v)

Software (n)

the programs and other operating information used by a computer

trial/open source/bundled/commercial/ edutainment/public domain/ encryption/licensed ~;

(un)install/configure/release/maintain/design/debug/distribute/implement/ manage/control/test ~; ~ bug/cache/ command/ component/configuration /debugging/design/distribution/ engineering/failure/implementation/ life-cycle/management/ piracy/portability/ publisher/ utility/theft; ~-based controller/design;

syn. Program; ant. hardware

Specification (n)

an act of identifying sth precisely or of stating a precise requirement; a description of an invention accompanying an application for a patent

~ change/deficiency/error/limit/ requirements/review/statement/writer; ~ of contract/cargo/tolerances;

specify (v): ~ needs/conditions/an offer/diagnosis/extension; specificity (n): ~ of test/construction; specified (adj): ~ behavior/criteria/constraints/ conditions/load/number/quality/ temperature/time;

syn. Stipulation; ant. generalization

System (n)

a complex whole; a set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network; a group of related programs or hardware units or both, especially when dedicated to a single application

~ analyst/area/approach/architecture/ board/bus/code/console/control/crash/debugging/design/disc/element/failure/library/memory/menu/registry;

(re)set/start/boot/(un)install/update/ change/reconfigure a ~; application/ computer/back-p/binary/control/error-correcting /detecting/information ~;

access a ~; ~ requirements/engineer/ design/interface;

syn. organization, scheme, structure

Task (n)

a piece of work to be done or undertaken; an activity or piece of work which CPU has to perform, usually as part of a larger project

active/current ~; perform/set/ fulfill/complete/carry out/ solve/ cancel/ abandon/undertake/ assign/entrust sb with a ~;

~-based approach/allocation/ activation/assignment/group/list/ plan/queue; ~ scheduler/ priority/ queue/register /table/bar; tasking (n);

syn. assignment, undertaking

Cf. multitasking

Update (v)

make sth more modern or up to date; download a software file that contains refreshed information and various fixes

~ a status/software/file;

update (n): news/automatic/ manual/timely ~, ~ rate/time;

updated (adj): ~ program/antivirus/file /database/information/version/sample;

updater (n): table ~; updating (n): batch/file/memo/screen ~;

syn. amend, modernize, refurbish, renew, renovate

ant.: outdated, out-of-date

Utility (n)

the state of being useful, profitable, or beneficial; system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize or maintain a computer

public/ debugging/disk compression/ maintenance/setup ~; ~ allocation/ area/core/ computing/device/ equipment/function/kernel;

(un)install/update/change a ~;

public ~ies; utilize (v): ~ fully/partially; utilizable (adj): ~ waste; utilization (n): ~ coefficient/ factor/level/parameter/property/rate; utilized (adj); utilizer (n);

syn. service

Version (n)

a particular form of sth differing in certain respects from an earlier form or other forms of the same type of thing; a particular release of a piece of computer software

demo/beta/active/trial/professional/ crippled/licensed ~; ~ control/ management/tracking;

release/copy a ~; versioning (n);

syn. form, variant

Widget (n)

 an application, or a component of an interface that enables a user to perform a function or access a service; an additional feature or 

extension to a  software  program, OS GUI, or a web page, which enables additional features

~ library/set; un(install)/update/change /reconfigure a ~;

syn. gizmo, apparatus, appliance, device

-ware (n)

manufactured articles of a specified type; type of software

share/demo/ad/group/spy/cripple/crap/ mal/free/stone/table/kitchen ~;

syn. commodity

Window (n)

an opening in the wall or roof of a building or vehicle, to admit light or air; a framed area on a display screen for viewing information

~ control/frame/menu /space/width/-based/of vulnerability; acceptance/ contact/display/help/hidden/graphics/ pop-up/welcome/active/alert/ application ~; overlapping ~s;

bring up a ~; extend beyond the edge of the ~; windowed (adj): ~ address/registers; windowing (n): ~ environment/software/system;

windowless (adj): ~ photo-multiplication

1. boot

2. catalogue

3. design

4. embed

5. emulate

6. function

7. icon

8. implement

1. add

2. context

3. function

4. kernel

5. launch

6. recover

7. release

8. system

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

application

Installable

iteratively

pointer

update

Implemented

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

1

a cluster

2

3

4

5

6

7

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

1

desktop

2

3

4

5

6

7

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

1

interface

2

3

4

5

6

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

1

software

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

1

utility

2

3

4

5

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

1

specification

2

3

4

5

6

7

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

1

version

2

3

4

5

6

1. shareware

A. adjunct software that displays advertising while the program it is attached to is running

2. software

B. software designed to facilitate collective working by a number of different users

3. freeware

C. software that self-installs on computers and tracks the user's Internet use, mainly for marketing purposes

4. adware

D. software that is available free of charge and often distributed informally for evaluation, after which a fee may be requested for continued use

5. groupware

E. software specifically designed to disrupt or damage a computer system

6. spyware

F. the programs and other operating information used by a computer

7. malware

G. software that is available without any payment

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. context - foreground

A. general and specific

2. icon - interface

B. contrast

3. application – graphics software

C. equivalence

4. implement – fail

D. part and whole

5. update – security

E. method and purpose

6. incompatibility – software failure

F. cause and effect

7. Interface - GUI

1. shareware

2. software

3. freeware

4. adware

5. groupware

6. spyware

7. malware

GNU - closed source software

Application software - utility

BIOS – OS

Shareware - freeware

Input - output

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “implement - fail”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) contrast

2

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “application – graphics software”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) part and whole

3

Software that is bunched together to make a complete set is known as___.

a) groupware b) package d) adware d) utility

4

Software designed to facilitate collective working by a number of different users is known as___. a) groupware b) spyware d) adware d) shareware

5

Software that is available free of charge and often distributed informally for evaluation, after which a fee may be requested for continued use is known as___.

a) malware b) spyware d) adware d) shareware

6

An activity or piece of work which CPU has to perform is known as ___.

a) thread b) task c) kernel d) function

7

___ is the most basic level or core of an operating system, responsible for resource allocation, file management, and security. a) kernel b) utility c) application d) widget

8

All of these are types of utilities EXCEPT FOR:

a) presentation b) maintenance c) disc compression d) setup

9

MS Word, Excel, Power Point are examples of ___ .

a) applications software b) widgets c) utilities d) OS

10

All of these are interface components EXCEPT FOR:

a) window b) menu c) picture d) icon

11

Mark the odd word: a) design b) architect c) construction d) layout

12

Mark the odd word: a) design b) architecture c) construction d) architect

13

The queries can be framed using an ______ version of the existing Database Assistance tool. a) updated b) update c) updater d) updating

14

All of these collocate with the adjective “desktop” EXCEPT FOR:

a) publishing b) computer c) application d) cluster

15

The text extended ____ the edge of the window. a) from b) beyond c) behind d) after

16

All of these are types of application software EXCEPT FOR: a) graphics software b) presentation software c) spreadsheet software d) desktop software

17

Spyware and adware differ mostly by their ___. a) size b) programming language c) purpose d) price

18

For further details please contact the Institute for ___Language Studies.

a) Applicable b) Applicative c) Applied d) Applicational

19

This is the standard way of ___ data in your program

a) installing b) embedding c) introducing d) inserting

20

Everyone should be able to design a standard Web page in minutes using the point and click type tools for___ text, graphics and sound.

a) installing b) embedding c) encapsulating d) inserting