Networks

№

Term

Definition

Usage

Address (n)

the place where a person or organization can be found or communicated with; a numerical designation that uniquely refers to a specific communication entity

~ mapping/mask/resolution/space;

MAC/IP/destination/source/

hardware/physical/global ~;

address (v): ~ a letter; addressee (n);

addressed (adj): ~ call;

addressable (adj): ~ memory/area/ storage; addressing (n): absolute/abbreviated ~;

readdress (v); unaddress (v)

Allocate (v)

assign available resources to various uses

~ memory/space/resources/funds;

allocation (n): budget ~s; allocated (adj);

syn. assign, allot, distribute

Backbone (n)

the column of bones in the back which sustains and gives firmness to the frame; the spine;

a central network that provides a pathway for other networks to communicate

the ~ of sth; the city/country/system ~; ~ access/area/bus/cable/capacity;

provide/constitute a ~;

transmit via/lay a ~

Bandwidth (n)

a data transfer capacity or data rate measured in bits

~ allocation/capacity/assignment; widen/reduce/provide a high ~;

a ~ of 450 MHz;

syn. frequency range

Bridge (n)

a wooden, stone, brick, or iron structure erected over a river or railroad to make a passageway from one side to the other;

a device that limits traffic between two network segments by filtering the data between them based on hardware addresses

~ forwarding/number;

build a ~ between sth and sth;

bridge (v): ~ a crack/gap/

telephone/digital divide

Broadcast (n)

an information transmission to all entities capable of receiving it

television/radio/live/news ~;

~ address/port/net;

broadcasting (n), broadcast (v);

syn. transmission

Cable (n)

an insulated wire or wires having a protective  casing and used for transmitting electricity or telecommunication signals

coaxial/fiber-optic ~; ~ access/ adapter/address/adjustment;

(dis)connect/lay a ~;

cable (adj): ~ connection;

syn. cord, wire

Channel (n)

a communication path

~ access/abandonment/bandwidth;

channelization (n);

transmit data/packets over a ~;

syn. pathway, tunnel, route

Collision (n)

an event in which two or more bodies exert forces on each other for a relatively short time

~ line/avoidance/detection;

data/memory ~; collide (v);

collider (n); avoid/minimize ~;

syn. bump, crash

Connect (v)

set a link between two (or more) devices

~ a bus/cable/call/consumer;

~ to the Internet/network;

connectivity (n): hot ~;

connected (adj), connector (n), connection (n): provide/support/break a ~ ;

syn. hook up, join

ant. disconnect, disjoin

Dial-up (adj)

connection using a modem via a telephone company network

~ line/modem/access/connection;

set up a ~ connection;

dial (v): ~ the number

Domain (n)

an area of territory owned or controlled by a particular ruler or government, a specified sphere of activity or knowledge; a distinct subset of the Internet with addresses sharing a common suffix or under the control of a particular organization or individual

~ record/name;

own/enter/register/promote a ~;

public ~;

Cf. DNS

Duplex (adj)

communication flowing in both directions simultaneously

~ transmission;

full/half ~

Echo (n)

a reflection of sound, arriving at the listener some time after the direct sound; a network continuity test where packets are sent to a distant node that is obligated to immediately send the packets back

~ check/cancellation;

cloud/electric/talker/multiple ~;

spread/check/cancel ~;

echo (v): ~ a command/packet;

syn. imitation, reflection, repetition

Ethernet

a standard way to connect computers on a network over a wired connection

~ provider/connection/bus/cable/

bridge/adapter/access/card; fast/gigabit/thin ~;

(dis)connect from/to the ~;

Flow (n)

steady and continuous movement (of a liquid, gas, or electricity) in a current or stream; movement of packets or data from a source to a destination

work/data /traffic/gas ~; ~ control/sheet; ~ of refugees/current/program;

control/restrict/stop a ~;

flow (v);

syn. movement, stream

Forward (v)

send (a letter or email) on to a further destination; send a frame toward its ultimate destination via an internet-connected device

~ a packet/data/message;

forward (adj): ~ error correction;

forwarding (n): packet ~;

forwarded (adj); reforward (adj);

ant. block

Framework (n)

a structure for supporting sthg, especially a skeletal support for a construction; standard structure of a network

architecture/adaptability/application/ logical ~; ~ -oriented design/class; under/within the ~; legal/practical/broad/supporting ~;

build up/set up a ~;

syn. plan, scheme, structure

Frequency (n)

the number of occurrences of a repeated event per unit of time, esp. in measuring the speed or the rate of sound, radio and light waves

(light, sound) wave/processor/natural/ negative/normalized ~; ~ range/converter/deviation/

distribution/spectrum;

control ~; frequent (adj): ~ replication/changes;

frequently (adv): ~ occurring mistake; frequenter (n);

syn. density, recurrence

ant. infrequency

Hub (n)

the effective centre of an activity, region, or network; a central Ethernet-based connection

e-mail/Ethernet/USB ~; (dis)connect a ~; hub (v): ~ a computer/devices on a network;

syn. centre, nucleus, kernel

Hotspot (n)

a Wi-Fi network access point or area

~ connection/controller;

airport/railway station/mobile ~;

find/(dis)connect to (from) a ~; place/(re)locate/give access to a ~

Host (n)

one who receives guests in a social or official capacity; a computer that acts as a server for other computers on a network

act as a ~; play ~ to sth; a ~ of sth;

~ address/ number/node; host (v): ~ a conference/meeting/ event;

syn. mother computer, Internet node;

ant. guest, visitor

Latency (n)

the state of existing but not yet being developed or manifest; the time interval between initiating a process, and receiving the results; the time required for a computer on a network to respond to a request

~ period/mode/optimization/of recovery; network ~; suffer from ~;

syn. delay, access time, response time

Layer (n)

a single thickness of a material covering a surface or forming an overlying part;

a group of communication functions and the protocols implemented therein

a thick/thin/insulating/ozone ~ ;

a ~ of dust; create/change/remove/ place in a ~; cover sth with a ~ of sth; ~ address/mode/optimization; internet/memory/upper/physical/

transport/user/application ~;

syn. stratum

Cf. Secure Sockets Layer

Network (n)

a group or system of interconnected people or things; a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to one another allowing for data to be shared and used

a ~ of institutions/organizations/ professionals; dedicated/corporate/ cable television/dial up/in-house/ local/wireless/Internet/intra/extra/ bot/local/optical/communication/ enterprise/free/ radio  ~;

~ adapter/address/administrator/

architecture/interface/layer/

management/devices;

connect to/penetrate into/hack a ~;

syn. structure, system

Cf. LAN, WAN, WLAN

Noise (n)

sound of any kind;

disturbance that interferes with data transmission and corrupts the quality of the signal 

video signal /random/short/ spontaneous ~; ~ filter/source;

make/produce/block/remove/

get rid of ~;

noisy (adj), noisily (adv);

ant. silence

Packet (n)

a paper or cardboard container, typically one in which goods are sold; a small amount of computer data sent over a network

a ~ of crisps/sugar/tea/flour; ~ flow/access/address/analysis/

sniffer/corruption; single/data/ request/corrupted ~;

send/readdress/trace a ~;

syn. datagram

Protocol (n)

the accepted or established code of procedure or behaviour in any group, organization, or situation; a standard set of rules used to define a method of exchanging data over a computer network

communications/network/transport/

interface/internet ~; the established ~; conform to/follow/infringe on a ~;

Cf. ftp, smtp, http, https, VOIP,

TCP/IP, FTP 

Receiver (n)

a person who gets or accepts sth that has been sent or given to them; a piece of radio or television apparatus that detects broadcast signals and converts them into visible or audible form

pick up a ~; ~ account;

a satellite/radio /television/call ~;

receive (v): ~ a call/message/signal; reception (n), recipient (n);

syn. accept, get

ant. transmit, send

Route (n)

an established line of travel or access; the path a network packet takes to reach its destination

a scenic/railway/train ~; close/take/change/choose/

send over a ~;

alternate/default/direct/main ~;

route (v): ~ a cable/signal/message;

router (n); routing (n); routed (adj);

syn. direction, itinerary, track, trail

Server (n)

a computer that provides data to other computers

~ adapter/address/administration/

application/architecture;

file/web/network/print ~; program/build/maintain/

administer a ~;

ant. client

Session (n)

a period devoted to a particular activity; an on-going relationship between two computers involving the allocation of resources and sustained data flow

a(n) training/induction/ parliamentary/editing/user/multiple ~; set/conduct/attend/organize/

cancel a ~; charge per ~; chair a ~;

syn. conference, period

Signal (n)

a gesture, action, or sound that is used to convey information or instructions; an electrical impulse or radio wave transmitted or received

transmit/send/restrict/clear a ~;

analog/digital/light/discrete/traffic ~;

~ speed/flare/adapter; a ~ to stop/turn right; signal (v);

signaling (adj)

Switch (n)

a device for making and breaking the connection in an electric circuit; a unit used to network multiple computers together

multiple/backbone/optical/packet/

manual ~; switch (v): ~ on/off;

switching (n): packet ~

Telephony (n)

the working or use of telephones; a technology that enables a user to receive and make calls through their computer

~ communication/ application/ control/board/backbone; IP ~;

radio/voice/wireless ~;

telephone (n, v);

syn. transmission, call

Telecommunication (n)

the process of transmitting data electronically over any communications line

~ access/bandwidth/path/route/ channel/satellite; commercial/industrial/land/cellular ~; send/intercept ~;

telecommute (v)

Terminal (n)

the end of a railway or other transport route, or a station at such a point; a simple device with a monitor and a keyboard, at which data can be entered into or retrieved from a network

bus/ferry/airport ~; network/idle/virtual/teller/office ~;

program/access/disable/build/

adjust a ~; terminate (v): ~ a process/action;

syn. station

Cf. hub

Transmit (v)

cause sth to pass on from one person or place to another; send packets of data across a network

~ a message/signal; transmission (n): ~ path/route/cable, one way/parallel/ serial/optical/voice/packet ~;

transmitter (n);

syn. disseminate, transfer, pass on

ant. receive

Topology (v)

the physical configuration of a network that determines how the network computers are connected

bus/ring/tree/star/network/system ~;

build/configure a ~;

topological (adj):

~ analysis/function/approach

Wireless (adj)

a system that provides communication without the use of wires

~ access/control/microphone/

connection;

syn. Wi-Fi, mobile, cellular

ant. wired, cable, landline

1. allocate

2. bandwidth

3. cable

4. channel

5. framework

6. session

7. hub

1. connect

2. receiver

3. frequency

4. noise

5. server

6. transmit

7. wireless

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

forwarding

transmit

collided

connectedly

frequent

address

-

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

1

broadcast

2

3

4

5

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

1

a hotspot

2

3

4

5

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

1

packet

2

3

4

5

6

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

1

layer

2

3

4

5

6

7

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

1

a terminal

2

3

4

5

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

1

network

2

3

4

5

6

7

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

1

telecommunication

2

3

4

5

6

7

1. domain

A. communication flowing in both directions simultaneously

2. duplex

B. a unit used to network multiple computers together

3. echo

C. a group of computers that can be accessed and administered with a common set of rules

4. flow

D. a computer that acts as a server for other computers on a network

5. host

E. movement of packets or data from a source to a destination

6. switch

F. a technology that enables a user to receive and make calls through their computer

7. telephony

G. the physical configuration of a network that determines how the network computers are connected

8. topology

H. a network continuity test where packets are sent to a distant node that is obligated to immediately send the packets back

Concepts

Logical relationship

1. hotspot – wireless connection

A. general and specific

2. LAN – WAN

B. cause and effect

3. route – itinerary

C. contrast

4. host – guest

D. equivalence

5. dial-up connection – long response time

E. part and whole

6. address – MAC

F. method and purpose

7. cable - wire

1. backbone

2. bridge

3. DNS

4. hub

5. hotspot

6. SSL

7. topology

LAN – WAN - WLAN

full-duplex – half-duplex

DNS - provider

bridge - hub

Connection

Advantages

Disadvantages

1. wired connection

2. wireless connection

3. satellite connection

4. backbone connection

5. dial-up connection

6. mobile connection

1

What is the logical relationship between “dial-up connection” and “long response time”: a) general – specific b) cause and effect c) part – whole d) equivalence

2

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “LAN - WAN”: a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) part and whole

3

What is the logical relationship between “hotspot” and “wireless connection”:

a) general – specific b) method – purpose c) part – whole d) equivalence

4

All of these are synonymous to the word “latency” EXCEPT FOR:

a) response time b) delay c) access time d) period

5

A unit used to network multiple computers together is known as a ___.

a) duplex b) bridge c) switch d) link

6

The physical configuration of a network that determines how the network computers are connected is known as ___.

a) topology b) protocol c) backbone d) duplex

7

Star, bus and tree are examples of ___.

a) protocols b) network topology c) domains d) transmission

8

A standard set of rules used to define a method of exchanging data over a computer network is known as ___: a) protocol b) framework c) topology d) domain

9

A group of computers that can be accessed and administered with a common set of rules is known as ___: a) domain b) topology c) network d) hotspot

10

All of these collocate with the adjective “broadcast” EXCEPT FOR:

a) news b) media c) television d) duplex

11

All of these collocate with the noun “terminal” EXCEPT FOR:

a) enable b) infringe c) adjust d) access

12

All of these collocate with the noun “network” EXCEPT FOR:

a) dedicated b) echo c) corporate d) local easy

13

Big amount of data is quickly transmitted ____ a backbone.

a) through b) inside c) via d) along

14

Please, pick ___ the receiver. a) with b) in c) up d) on

15

It is almost impossible to get rid ___ noise in the network.

a) from b) with c) of d) on

16

He was ___ a little room in the dormitory.

a) distributed b) allocated c) allotted d) assigned

17

Such students will be ___ a special task for the summer.

a) distributed b) allocated c) allotted d) assigned

18

Mark the odd word: a) addressable b) addressing c) addressed d) address

19

Mark the odd word: a) protocol b) framework c) scheme d) structure

20

All of these are synonymous to the word “channel” EXCEPT FOR:

a) pathway b) tunnel c) route d) road