Theme №2. Pricing in the world markets

1. Concept of the world prices. Classification of the prices in the world market.

2. Main types of the prices in international trade: settlement and published.

3. Transfer pricing in the world markets. Practice and features of transfer pricing in the world markets.

Questions for discussion:

- Should there be a single price or multiple pricing?

- Should prices change in various geographical areas, referred to as zone pricing?

- What prices are competitors charging?

- Do you use a price skimming strategy or a penetration pricing strategy?

- What image do you want the price to convey?

- How important are customer price sensitivity (e.g. "sticker shock") and elasticity issues?

- Are there legal restrictions on retail price maintenance, price collusion, or price discrimination?

- Are there transfer pricing considerations?

- What is the chance of getting involved in a price war?

- Are there joint product pricing considerations?

Theme №3. Commodity exchanges and auctions in international trade

1. Concept and essence of commodity exchange. Features and mechanism of commodity exchange.

2. Concept and essence of auctions. Features and differences of auctions, the mechanism of work of auctions.

3. Stock exchange and auction trading by agricultural goods.

Questions for discussion:

- What is the commodity exchange?

- Tell the mechanisms of commodity exchange.

- Tell the exchange goods.

- Tell the auction goods.

- Tell the methods of auctions.

- Tell the specifics of stock exchange and auction trading by agricultural goods. Give the examples.

- Tell the specifics of stock exchange and auction trading by agricultural goods in Kazakhstan and Commonwealth of Independent States.hstan and Commonwealth of Independent States.

Theme №4. Agricultural markets: markets of the food and agricultural raw materials

1. Foodstuff in international trade: products of agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, fishery and sea trade, and also the semi-finished products received on their basis and some final goods.

2. Markets of grain and products of their conversion. Animal husbandry products.

3. Markets of vegetables and fruit. Grain. Sugar. Food flavoring goods: coffee, tea, cocoa, spices. Markets of agricultural raw materials. Rubber, forest goods, textile fibers.

4. Food and agricultural organization (FAO).

Questions for discussion:

- Tell the purposes, tasks and principles of foodstuff in the foreign trade.

- What are the semi-finished products?

- Tell the short characteristics and economic trade of products of agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, fishery and sea products.

- Tell the short characteristics and economic trade of grain, vegetables and fruits, sugar, spices.

- Tell the short characteristics and economic trade of coffee, tea and cacao.

- Tell the short characteristics and economic trade of rubber, forest goods and textile fibers.

- Tell the characteristics of development of Food and agricultural organization (FAO).