Grammar focus The Continuous tenses

Task 1. Read the following sentences, translate them into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the forms of the verbs in the Present, Past and Future Continuous tenses.

1. At other locations plates carrying continental crust are moving toward each other.

2. While Earth’s internal heat engine is operating, the positions and shapes of the continents and ocean basins will change and Earth will remain a dynamic planet.

3. Fortunately, for students who are beginning to study minerals, no more than a few dozen are abundant!

4. Those clay minerals were absorbing large amounts of water, which allowed them to swell to several times their normal size.

5. In fact, practically every manufactured product will be containing materials obtained from minerals in the nearest future.

6. The deposit was containing the average percentage of a valuable element such as gold.

Task 2. Put up alternative and disjunctive questions to the following sentences according to the model. Translate the given sentences.

Model: Many of the volcanic structures of andesitic composition are occupying the continental margins that surround the Pacific Ocean.

Alternative question: Are many of the volcanic structures of dioritic or andesitic composition are occupying the continental margins that surround the Pacific Ocean?

Disjunctive question: Many of the volcanic structures of andesitic composition are occupying the continental margins that surround the Pacific Ocean, aren’t they?

1. During solidification, liquids plus various metallic ions were accumulating near the top of the magma chamber.

2. The environmental impact of these large excavations, including the problems of waste disposal, is being significant now.

3. The accompanying mudflows are carrying ash, trees, and water-saturated rock debris 29 kilometres down the river.

4. The force of the blast is so strong that some ash will be propelling more than 18,000 meters into the stratosphere.

5. Some volcanoes, such as Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano, were generating relatively quiet outpourings of fluid lavas at that time.

6. The injection of a fresh supply of melt will be causing the magma chamber to swell and fracture the rock above.

Discussion

Task 1. Read and memorize the following words:

random - випадковий	comprise – включати, містити в собі
rift – рифт; розлом земної кори	crest - вершина
dot – укривати, цяткувати	interior – внутрішня частина
awe-inspiring – той, що лякає, вселяє жах	roughly - приблизно
temporarily – на деякий час, тимчасово	bulbous - цибулиноподібний
respond – реагувати, робити щось у відповідь	overburden – покривна порода
mantle derived – той, що утворився (походить) з мантії	pull apart – розвалитись, розламатись
notable – визначний, вартий уваги	subduct - рухатися, підсуватися (під тектонічну плиту)

Task 2. Read the text. Translate it into Ukrainian. Talk about the main types of volcanoes.