Запомните необходимый минимум профессиональной лексики:

Data – данные

To perform – выполнять

To process – обрабатывать

Software – программное обеспечение

Hardware – аппаратное обеспечение

Central processing unit – центральный процессор

Main memory – основная память

Peripherals – периферийное оборудование

Storage device – устройство хранения

Input device – устройство ввода информации

Mouse – мышь

Keyboard – клавиатура

Output device – устройство вывода информации

Monitor – экран, монитор

Задание I

А. Определите

а) какой частью речи являются следующие слова:

physical, optical, central, peripheral, processing, currently, composite, brightness, essentially, modulate, closely, oldest, newer, type, transmitter, scanning

б) переведите приведенные выше слова, учитывая значение их суффиксов/префиксов.

Б. Переведите, обращая внимание на суффиксы, определяя часть речи каждого из слов:

1. Print, printer, printed, printing;

2. Process, processing, processor, processed;

3. Coordinate, coordination, coordinative, coordinating;

4. Specify, specific, specified, special;

5. Communication, communicate, communicator, communicative, communicating;

Задание II

А. Образуйте слова с противоположным значением. Переведите.

Possible, reliable, practical, safe, efficient, measurable, advantage, coding

Б. Подберите эквиваленты к словосочетаниям, обозначенным цифрами:

1. computer system a. центральный процессор

2. storage device b. устройства вывода информации

3. central processing unit c. компьютерная система

4. peripherals d.устройство хранения

5. output device e. периферийное оборудование

В. Для каждого термина из данной таблицы подберите соответствующее определение из приведенных ниже:

a. software b. peripheral devices c. monitor d. floppy disk

e. hardware f. input g. port h. output

i. central processing unit;

1. The brain of the computer.

2. Physical parts that make up a computer system.

3. Programs which can be used on a particular computer system.

4. The information which is presented to the computer.

5. Results produced by a computer.

6. Hardware equipment attached to the CPU.

7. Visual display unit.

8. Small device used to store information. Same as “diskette”.

9. Any socket or channel in a computer system into which an input/output device may be connected.

Задание III

А. Найдите в тексте ответ на вопрос.

What is the most influential component in every computer?

Б. Завершите предложение в соответствии с содержанием текста:

A standard computer system consists of…

В. Составьте пять вопросов разного типа к данному ниже предложению.

The computer prints the results onto paper by means of a printer.

Задание IV

A. Определите залог (активный - пассивный) и грамматическое время сказуемого в следующих предложениях. Переведите.

1. Three basic steps are involved in the process.

2. The computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data.

3. Disc drives are used to handle one or more floppy disks.

4. A standard computer system consists of three main sections: the CPU; the main memory and the peripherals.

Б. Найдите в тексте и переведите предложения с прилагательными в превосходной степени.

Задание V

Выполните письменный перевод текста.

Unit 2

Подберите русские эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям, содержащим интернациональные корни:

Magnetic, program, modify, card, machine, generation, multiprogramming, concept, modify, computer, instruction, intelligence, data.

Прочитайте текст. Пользуясь словарем, определите значение незнакомых слов и выпишите их в тетрадь

Generations of computer

First Generation Computers (1954-59) were rather bulky in size, required large amounts of air conditioning and repair time also. The important advantages over earlier machines were speed of calculation, use of the stored program, the ability to apply logical decisions to calculated results, various types of input and output equipment, magnetic tape, paper tape, ability to modify its own program, etc.

Second Generation Computers (1959-64) replaced the vacuum tubes with the tiny transistor, thus requiring less power and offering greater reliability. High speed card readers and printers were introduced. Symbolic programming was replacing machine language programming during this period. Random access devices were introduced. Repair and maintenance time was greatly reduced.

Third Generation Computers (1964-70) were characterized by advanced miniaturization and refinement of computer components. Greater compilers, newer and faster methods of input and output, optical scanners, magnetic ink character readers, data transmission over long distances, displays on video tubes, multiprogramming, tremendous storage capacities, remote terminals with access to central computers – innovations introduced during this period.

Fourth Generation Computers (1970-1980) featured many changes in all sectors of the computer field. The concept of “Virtual Storage” increased the main storage capabilities of computers by allowing a computer to directly access outside storage devices as though they were part of main storage. The minicomputer made spectacular advances during this period.

Fifth Generation. In the 1980s very large scale integration (VISI), in which hundreds of thousands of transistors were placed on a single chip, became more and more common.

The “shrinking” trend continued with the introduction of personal computers (PCs) used by individuals. By the late 1980s some personal computers were run by microprocessors that could process about 4000000 instructions per second.

The new generation, the so-called “fifth” generation is using new technologies with new programming languages capable of amazing feats in the area of artificial intelligence.