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12 Use the words given in capitals to form the words that fit in the spaces.

Chemical processes such as chemical 1______ are used in chemical plants to form new substances in various types of reaction vessels. In many cases the reactions are conducted in special corrosion 2______ equipment at elevated temperatures and pressures with the use of catalysts. The products of these reactions are 3_______ using a variety of techniques including distillation especially fractional 4_______, precipitation, crystallization, adsorption, filtration, sublimation, and drying. The processes and product are usually tested during and after manufacture by dedicated 5_______ and on-site quality control laboratories to insure safe operation and to assure that the product will meet required 6_______. The products are packaged and delivered by many methods, including pipelines, tank-cars, and tank-trucks (for both solids and 7_______), cylinders, drums, bottles, and boxes. Chemical companies often have a research and development laboratory for 8_______ and testing products and processes. These facilities may include pilot plants, and such research facilities may be 9________ at a site separate from the production plant(s).

REACT

RESIST

SEPARATE

DISTILLATE

INSTRUMENT

SPECIFY

LIQUIFY

DEVELOP

LOCATE

SPEAKING

13 Choose 5 the most important engineering activities you would prefer to do and explain your choice.

  • Pre-project analysis

  • Engineering forecast

  • Decision making

  • Engineering research

  • Showing results

  • Designing

  • Search for engineering decisions

  • Computerized designing

  • Inventions

  • Technological synthesis

  • Invention algorithm

14 a) Take a look at the list of the “Top Ten Greatest Chemical Engineering contributions” and choose the most suitable definition for each of them from the list below.

A “the plastic age” F “as large as life”

B “wonder drugs for the masses” G “the human reactor”

C “yes, it’s cool” H “a sheep’s best friend”

D “it’s what’s for dinner” I “we all have to live here”

E “running on synthetic rubber” J “black gold, Texas tea”

Top Ten Greatest Chemical Engineering contributions” (according to the American Institute of Chemical Engineers):

  1. Splitting the Atom ________

  2. Plastics ________

  3. Health care equipment, techniques, and even artificial organs ________

  4. Wonder drugs made in quantities to save many lives ________

  5. Synthetic fibers ________

  6. Liquified air/separation of oxygen and nitrogen ________

  7. Environmental solutions to waste and pollution ________

  8. Food: fertilizers, processing, packaging ________

  9. Petrochemicals ________

  10. Synthetic rubber ________

b) Give your comments on these definitions. Do you agree with this top list? If not, make your own list and prepare your arguments.

15 Imagine you work for a chemical enterprise manufacturing one of the products from the list below. Choose the product and persuade your partner that manufacturing of this product is the most profitable and necessary for people.

  • Petroleum refining (gasoline, heating oil, jet fuel, asphalt)

  • Commodity chemicals (sulfuric acid, oxygen, ammonia, caustic soda)

  • Petrochemicals (methanol, acetone, ethylene glycol)

  • Polymers and plastics (nylon, polyethylene, polyurethane foam, synthetic rubber, Plexiglas)

  • Pharmaceuticals (antibiotics, analgesics, antidepressants)

  • Electronic materials (high-purity silicon, photovoltaics)

  • Processed foods (sugar, instant coffee, frozen orange juice)

  • Paints and pigments

  • Agricultural chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides, crop sterilants)

  • Personal care products (toothpaste, cosmetics, deodorants)

  • Inks and dyes

  • Environmental remediation and hazardous waste disposal

  • E nergy production (fuel cells, nuclear fuel processing, thermal solar power)

PROJECT WORK

My specialty”

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