V. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian, mind the Gerunds:

1. Solid bodies have the property of keeping their shape without supporting of a vessel.

2. Upon being heated, the molecules begin moving very quickly.

3. If two glass rods are charged by rubbing them with silk, it is possible to watch a very interesting phenomenon.

4. Without being treated this substance cannot be used.

5. At last our research-workers succeeded in getting good results.

6. The teacher insists on carrying out this experiment in our laboratory.

7. Upon carrying out a number of experiments the students solved many interesting problems.

8. This experiment shows the increase of reaction velocity with increasing temperature.

Electrical apparatus

1. a group or combination of instruments, machinery, tools, materials, etc., having a particular function or intended for a specific use: "Our town has excellent fire-fighting apparatus."

2. any complex instrument or mechanism for a particular purpose.

Electric, electrical, electronic

Electrical, electric, and electronic share much common ground, and they are interchangeable in many uses, but it’s possible to sketch rough differences between them.

Electrical means of or relating to electricity and it’s used for things that generate or process electricity − for example, electrical generators and electrical outlets. It’s also simply a broad term for anything that uses electricity.

Devices that run on electricity are electric − for example, electric lights, electric heaters, and electric cars.

Electronic describes devices that manipulate electrical current internally through switches. It’s also used for virtual forms of things that were traditionally in the physical world, such as electronic stores and electronic books.

If these distinctions are accurate (and if anyone reading this has expertise in these matters, we look forward to your corrections in the comments), then all electric and electronic devices are electrical, and all electronic devices are electric, but not all electric devices are electronic.

Electrical equipment includes any machine powered by electricity. It usually consists of an enclosure, a variety of electrical components, and often a power switch.

Examples of these include:

Major appliance

Microcontroller

Power tool

Small appliances

More specifically, often electrical equipment refers only to components part of the electrical distribution system such as:

Electric switchboards

Distribution boards

Circuit breakers and disconnects

Electricity meter

Transformers

Grammar in Use

I. Explain what the modal verbs denote in the following sentences. Translate the sentences.

1. I had to work hard to get my Bachelor's degree in engineering.

2. In Lviv students can gain qualifications in almost any field of human activity.

3. Ukrainian students have to achieve high marks at entrance examinations in order to be admitted to the University.

4. Students and staff can enjoy the benefits of regular exercise.

5. If they show sufficient ability, graduates may be admitted to postgraduate study.