1. Смысловой глагол.

• I am a doctor.

• He is a doctor.

• They are doctors.

2. Вспомогательный глагол.

+	am ___ is V1 +ing are He is working.
-	am ___ is not V1 +ing are He is not working.
?	Am Is ___ V1 +ing ? Are Is he working?

Упражнения.

Упражнение 1.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. Не (to work) in the centre of Chicago. 2. He (to work) in the centre of Chicago? 3. He (not to work) in the centre of Chicago. 4. They (to read) a lot of books. 5. They (to read) many books? 6. They (not to read) many books. 7. The children (to eat) soup now. 8. The children (to eat) soup now? 9. The children (not to eat) soup now. 10. You (to play) volleyball well? 11. When you (to play) volleyball? 12. What Nick (to do) in the evening? 13. He (to go) to the cinema in the evening? 14. We (not to dance) every day. 15. Look! Kate (to dance). 16. Kate (to sing) well? 17. Where he (to go) in the morning? 18. He (not to sleep) after dinner. 19. My granny (to sleep) after dinner. 20. When you (to sleep)?

21. Nina (not to sleep) now. 22. Where John (to live)? — He (to live) in England. 23. My friends from Switzerland (to speak) four languages. 24. Elvire (to speak) English, German and French? —. She only (not to speak) Italian.

Упражнение 2.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. Tom (to play) football on Saturday. 2. He (not to play) football every day. 3. I (to wear) a suit now.

4. I (not to wear) jeans now. 5. My friend (not to like) to play football. 6.1 (not to read) now. 7. He (to sleep) now? 8. We (not to go) to the country in winter.

6. My sister (to eat) sweets every day. 10. She (not to eat) sweets now. 11. They (to do) their homework in the afternoon. 12. They (not to go) for a walk in the evening. 13. My father (not to work) on Sunday. Не (to work) every day. 15. I (to read) books in the evening. 16.1 (not to read) books in the morning.

12. I (to write) an exercise now. 18.1 (not to write) a letter now. 19. They (to play) in the yard now.

21. They (not to play) in the street now. 21. They (to play) in the room now? 22. He (to help) his mother every day. 23. He (to help) his mother every day?

25. He (not to help) his mother every day. 25. You (to go) to school on' Sunday? 26. She (to work) in a shop now? 27. He (to deliver) furniture now? 28. You (to go) to the opera with your friends? Who (to be) your favourite opera singer?

Урок 6-7. Грамматика.

PAST CONTINUOUS

Past Continuous — это грамматическое время, которое используется в английском языке для описания действий, которые длились в течение некоторого времени в прошлом.

Признаки: at 6 o’clock yesterday, at that moment, at that time, all day long yeaterday, the whole evening (yesterday), from 10 till 11, during.

Употребление:

1. действие происходило и длилось в какой-то указанный момент в прошлом.

• We were drawing at 7 o’clock yesterday. — Вчера в семь часов мы рисовали.

2. Для выражения незавершенных действий, которые постепенно развивались, менялись.

• The sun was rising. — Поднималось солнце.

3. Past Progressive используется в ситуациях, когда одно действие происходило, длилось, и вдруг произошло другое, которое выражено Past Simple. В помощь для передачи таких ситуаций используются слова when. Это могут быть и параллельные действия, которые длились в прошлом. Для выражения лучшим помощником будет слово while - одновременно.

• They were reading when the teacher came in. — Они читали, когда учитель вошел.

• I was sleeping while he was watching TV. — Я спал, пока он смотрел телевизор.

Образование:

TO BE (WAS, WERE):

1. Смысловой глагол:

• I was a doctor.

• They were doctors.

2. Вспомогательный глагол.

+	___ was V1 +ing were I was working.
-	___ was V1 +ing Were I was not working.
?	Was ___ V1 +ing ? Were Was he working?

Упражнения:

Упражнение 1.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

1. I (to play) computer games yesterday. 2. I (to play) computer games at five o’clock yesterday. 3. He (to play) computer games from two till three yesterday. 4. We (to play) computer games the whole evening yesterday. 5. My brother (not to play) tennis yesterday. He (to play) tennis the day before yes­terday. 6. My sister (not to play) the piano at four o’clock yesterday. She (to play) the piano the whole evening. 7. When I came into the kitchen, mother (to cook). 8. She (to cook) the whole day yesterday. 9. We (to wash) the floor in our flat yesterday. 10. We (to wash) the floor in our flat from three till four yesterday. 11. You (to do) your homework yes­terday? 12. You (to do) your homework from eight till ten yesterday? 13. Why she (to sleep) at seven o’clock yesterday? 14. He (to sit) at the table the whole evening yesterday. 15. What Nick (to do) when you came to his place? 16. What you (to do) when I rang you up? 17. I (not to sleep) at nine o’clock yesterday. 18. What he (to do) yesterday? — He (to read) a book. 19. What he (to do) the whole evening yesterday? — He (to read) a book. 20. She (to sleep) when you came home? — No, she (to knit).

Упражнение 2.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.

1. When I (to come) home, my little sister (to sleep). 2. When Nick (to come) home, his brother (to play) with his toys. 3. When mother (to come) home, I (to do) my homework. 4. When father (to come) home, Pete (to sleep). 5. When mother (to come) home, the children (to play) on the carpet.

2. When I (to get) up, my mother and father (to drink) tea. 7. When I (to come) to my friend’s place, he (to watch) TV. 8. When I (to see) my friends, they (to play) football. 9. When I (to open) the door, the cat (to sit) on the table. 10. When Kate (to open) the door, the children (to dance) round the firtree.

12. When Tom (to cross) the street, he (to fall).

13. When I (to go) to school, I (to meet) my friend.

When we (to go) to the cinema, we (to meet) grandmother. 14. When grandmother (to go) home, she (to see) many children in the yard. 15. When Henry (to walk) about in the forest, he (to find) a bear cub. 16. When we (to walk) about in the forest, we (to see) a hare. 17. When I (to wash) the floor, I (to find) my old toy under the sofa. 18. When granny (to read) a book on the sofa, she (to fall) asleep. 19. When I (to play) in the yard, I suddenly (to see) my old friend. 20. When Nick (to run) about in the yard, he (to fall).

Упражнение по пройденным временам.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Present Continuous или Past Continuous.

1. Where you (to be) yesterday? — I (to be) at home the whole day. — How strange. I (to ring) you up at two o’clock, but nobody (to answer). — Oh, I (to be) in the garden. I (to read) your book and (not to hear) the telephone. 2. What you (to do) at five o’clock yesterday? — I (to work) in the library. — I (to be) there, too, but I (not to see) you. 3. Nina (to celebrate) her birthday yesterday. Her room looked beautiful, there (to be) many flowers in it. When I (to come) in, somebody (to play) the piano, two or three pairs (to dance). 4. Listen! Somebody (to play) the pi­ano. 5.1 (to like) music very much. 6. When I (to look) out of the window, it (to rain) heavily and people (to hurry) along the streets. 7. What you (to do) at seven o’clock yesterday? — I(to have) supper. 8. When I (to come) home yesterday, I (to see) that all my family (to sit) round the table. Father (to read) a letter from my uncle, who (to live) in Kiev. 9. Yesterday I (to work) at my English from five till seven. 10. It (to rain) the whole day yesterday. 11. Where your sister (to be) now?— She (to be) in her room. She (to do) her homework. 12. He (to brush) his teeth at the moment. He (to clean) them thoroughly morning and night. 13. Don’t disturb her while she (to sleep). 14. You (to talk) nonsense. You never (to talk) sense. 15. My mother (to sit) in the sun­light now and I (to set) the table.

Урок 9. Грамматика.

PRESENT PERFECT

Present Perfect употребляется для выражения Действия или состояния уже завершившегося к моменту речи, если результат свершившегося имеет значение в настоящий момент.

Признаки: never никогда, ever когда-либо , already уже, just только что, lately в последнее время, недавно, by now уже, к настоящему времени, up to now до настоящего момента, yet еще (в вопросах и отрицаниях)

Употребление:

1. Действие произошло в неопределенное время в прошлом (важно не время, а результат)

• I’ve seen this movie. — Я видел этот фильм.

Т.е. я видел этот фильм вообще, неважно когда. Важен только результат для настоящего.

2. Действие началось в прошлом, продолжается в настоящем и может продолжаться в будущем.

• We have lived in Kiev since 1985. — Мы живем в Киеве с 1985 года.

Т.е. мы начали жить в Киеве в 1985 году, продолжаем жить и, возможно, будем жить и дальше.

4. Описание событий недавнего прошлого

Обычно при этом используются слова recently (недавно), lately (недавно, в последнее время).

• He has come back recently. — Он вернулся недавно.

Отличае Present Perfect от Past Simple:

1. Периодом, который еще не закончился: today (сегодня), this morning (этим утром), this week (на этой неделе), this month (в этом месяце), this year (в этом году) и т.д., и даже целая жизнь! Present Perfect

Периодом, который закончился: yesterday (вчера), last week (на прошлой неделе), last month (в прошлом месяце), last year (в прошлом году) и т.д. И даже, например, this morning, если утро уже закончилось, и наступил день! Past Simple

1. Связь с настоящим Present Perfect

Нет связи с настоящим; действие полностью относится к прошлому Past Simple

2. Важен результат для настоящего; Present Perfect

2. Важно время совершения действия в прошлом Past Simple

Образование PRESENT PERFECT:

Глагол TO HAVE (HAVE, HAS)^

1. Смысловой глагол:

• I have a pen.

• He has a pen.

• They have a pen.

2. Вспомогательный глагол:

Правил. Гл.	Неправ. Гл.
___ have V1 +ed has He has worked.	___ have V3 has They have begun.
__ have not V1 +ed has He has not worked.	___ have not V3 has They have not begun.
Have___ V1 +ed Has Has he worked?	Have ___ V3 Has Наve they begun?