Cleaning of Holds
Before the ship can load her next cargo, the cargo hold must be adequately cleaned. The degree of cleanliness will depend on the nature of both the previous cargo and the next cargo.
Hold cleaning serves a number of purposes such as:
1. Facilitating inspection of the ship's structure, in order to detect any damaged part clearly;
2. Removing sources of combustion;
3. Promoting the free flow of moisture towards bilges and wells;
4. Preventing contamination of next cargoes;
5. Preventing the development of unsanitary conditions.
For break bulk cargoes and some dirty dry-bulk cargoes, it may be sufficient for the holds to be swept by the crew. For cleaner dry-bulk cargoes, the holds may be washed out with high-pressure hoses to remove all traces of the previous cargo. It is good practice to rinse the holds with fresh water after washing with salt water in order to minimize any future corrosion. Also, this may be essential if the next cargo can be damaged by salt. The highest standards of cleanliness are usually referred to as ‘grain standard’, which may be required for sensitive cargoes such as grain and other victuals.
For most cargoes, the holds must be dry and free from odours, which may taint the cargo. On reefers, it is particularly important that all traces of odours from previous cargoes are removed using an 'ozonator' to remove toxic gas in the hold.
The holds should be free from all loose rust which may contaminate certain sensitive cargoes. Some inspections may require the hold to be specially coated with lime for salt or sulphur cargo.
Notes
panamax – term for the size limits for ships traveling through the Panama Canal
bauxite – an aluminium ore
11 Read the text and underline all measures to be taken for hold cleaning.
12 Correct the mistakes made by the deck cadets.
13 Complete and give your partner some advice.
1. To clean the holds it may be sufficient ________________________________________them.
2. To remove all traces of the previous cargo you should _____________________________________________________________________________.
3. To transport salt and sulphur cargo you’d better _____________________________________________________________________________.
4. To minimize any future corrosion it’s recommended ____________________________________________________________________________.
5. To remove all traces of odours and toxic gas you must _____________________________________________________________________________.
6. To transport sensitive cargoes you should _____________________________________________________________________________.
14 Discuss.
WHY…
must all sources of combustion be removed from the holds?
must there be a free flow of moisture towards bilges?
must unsanitary conditions be prevented?
15 Read the case and answer.
a) How many times were the holds cleaned?
b) What was the demurrage time?
Allow Sufficient Time Or It Will Be Costly
A 24-year-old panamax bulk carrier was chartered out for a single voyage time to load barley in a Black Sea port in the Ukraine. The voyage orders from the head charterers gave the following instructions to the master based on the charter party terms:
“On arrival at the load port, vessel to be clean, swept/washed, dried and ready in every respect and in all compartments to receive charterer’s cargo – failing which the ship to be offhire and owners to take immediate steps to speed up cleaning as fast as possible including the use of shore labour. If ship fails inspection the bunkers consumed and extra directly related costs to be for owner’s account until ship has been passed in all loading holds.”
The ship left the last port having discharged a cargo of petcoke. The voyage to the next loading port was four days. Poor weather hampered the hold cleaning by the crew. It is evident that for a ballast voyage of this short duration, taking account of the age, size of ship and the last four cargoes, four days to carry out hold cleaning ready for grain was not going to be sufficient. The master advised the owners of this fact. The sequence of the previous four cargoes had been petcoke, coal, coal, bauxite. As a guide, with a normal crew complement who are experienced, organised and have the correct equipment, it will take one day to clean a hold of a panamax bulk
carrier, although drying the holds will obviously take longer and will normally require the hatch lids to be opened to air.
An inspection took place on arrival at the load port and all seven holds were rejected because of the presence of residue and dust from previous cargoes, and remaining water in the holds and bilges.
The following day, shore cleaning gangs attended the ship and six days later, the ship was again presented to the surveyor. Again, the ship failed for similar reasons plus the fact that loose rust scale was present on the tank top. It was found that the cleaning gangs did not have sufficient personnel or equipment; they did not use high-pressure wash-down guns; and used only cold water without chemicals.
The charterers decided to send the ship to another port for another cargo, and a day later, the grain surveyor again found the holds unfit to carry cargo. Another set of shore cleaning gangs came aboard to clean the holds and three days later, the holds were finally passed as clean and dry, and ready to load. It is worth noting that even on the survey which the ship passed, there was evidence of petcoke staining on the hold bulkheads.
The claim from the charterers was that the ship was not ready to load under the terms of the charter party and that there was a loss because the first cargo of grain could not be loaded. The claim amounted to some $400,000.
16 a) Complete
Cargo transported |
Clean-up method |
Problem arisen |
|
|
|
b) Discuss how the problems after each clean-up could be avoided.
17 Debate!!!
It is always the problem with time and hurry when loading and discharging cargo.
There are no others to blame but the head charterers and cleaning gangs.
It is the age and the size of ship that cause problems.
18 Complete with the English/Russian equivalents.
Are the safety arrangements in the hold(s) operational?
Имеется ли грузовой список и полный ли он?
Prepare the vessel for loading/discharging.
Отдать задрайки крышек люков.
Yes, the holds are clean/dry / free of smell.
The cargo list will be available and complete in ... minutes.
Рассчитайте остойчивость.
Зачистите трюм(-ы) / палубу(-ы).
Preparing for loading/discharging 1 ___________________________________ _____________________________________ 2 Unlock the hatch covers. 3 Rig the hatchrails in no. ... hold(s).
|
Подготовка к погрузке/выгрузке 1 Приготовить судно к погрузке/ выгрузке.
2 __________________________________ 3 Установить леерные ограждения люков в трюме(-ах) № ... . |
4 Is the cargo list available and complete? - Yes, the cargo list is available and complete. - No, the cargo list is not available and complete (yet) - ____________________________________ _____________________________________ |
4 __________________________________ _____________________________________ - Да, полный грузовой список имеется. - Нет, полного грузового списка (еще) нет. - Полный грузовой список будет готов через ... минут. |
5 Complete the stowage plan. 6 Make the stability calculation. |
5 Завершите составление грузового плана. 6 ___________________________________ |
7 Are the holds clean / dry / free of smell? -__________________________________ ___________________________________ - No, the holds are not clean / dry / free of smell (yet).
- The holds will be clean / dry / free of smell in ... minutes / hours.
- Clean the hold(s)/deck(s). |
7 Грузовые трюмы очищены / сухие / не имеют запаха? - Да, трюмы очищены / сухие / не имеют запаха. - Нет, трюмы (еще) не очищены / не сухие / имеют запах. - Трюмы будут очищены / сухие / без запаха через ... минут / часов.
- ___________________________________ |
8 ___________________________________ ____________________________________ - Yes, the safety arrangements in the hold(s) are operational. - No, the safety arrangements in the hold(s) are not operational (yet). - The safety arrangements in the hold(s) will be operational in ... minutes.
|
8 В рабочем ли состоянии средства обеспечения безопасности в трюме(-ах)? - Да, средства обеспечения безопасности в трюме(-ах) в рабочем состоянии. - Нет, средства обеспечения безопасности в трюме(-ах) (еще) не в рабочем состоянии. - Средства обеспечения безопасности в трюме(-ах) будут приведены в рабочее состояние через ... минут. |
19 Transfer the messages into SMCP.
a. Finish up with the stowage plan.
_________________________________________________________
b. Determine the stability of the vessel, please.
_________________________________________________________
c. Is there any wet in the holds?
_________________________________________________________
d. Does the safety equipment in the hold work?
_________________________________________________________
e. Have you finished the completion of the cargo list?
_________________________________________________________
f. Yes, there is still some smell in the hold.
_________________________________________________________
20 Listen to the conversation and write down all SMCP you hear.
21 Write down three statements from act. 16 adding a mistake and let your partner correct them.
Model:
The holds will be clean after
5
hours. --- The holds will be clean in 5 hours.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
22 Ask your partner for the correct equivalents.
Cadet A |
Cadet B |
Трюмы будут очищены / сухие / без запаха через 2 часа. Установить леерные ограждения люков в трюме № 4 . Отдать задрайки крышек люков. Полный грузовой список будет готов через 30 минут. В рабочем ли состоянии средства обеспечения безопасности в трюмах? |
Грузовые трюмы очищены / сухие / не имеют запаха? Рассчитайте остойчивость. Имеется ли грузовой список и полный ли он? Да, средства обеспечения безопасности в трюмах в рабочем состоянии. Завершите составление грузового плана.
|