1.4. Функции существительных в предложении

Существительные могут выполнять в предложении следующие

функции (см. табл. 7).

Таблица 7

Функции существительных в предложении

	Функция	Пример
1.	Подлежащее (Subject)	The house is large and comfortable. Дом велик по размерам и удобен.
2.	Часть сказуемого (Part of a predicate)	It is a modern house. Это современный дом.
3.	Дополнение (Object)	They are building a house. Они строят дом.
4.	Определение (Attribute)	She designed residence house interiors. Она проектировала интерьеры жилых зданий.
5.	Обстоятельство (Adverbial modifier)	She lives in a log house. Она живёт в бревенчатом доме.

1.5. Суффиксы существительных

N-or/-er (прибор, деятель): to mixa mixer – мешалка

to contracta contractor - подрядчик

V N-ion (действие): to actan action – действие

to examinean examination – экзамен

N-ment (событие, действие):to arrangearrangement – аранжировка

N-ent/-ant (деятель) to assistassistant – помощник

V N-ence/-ance (состояние) to assistassistance – помощь

V N-al (действие) to removeremoval – удаление

V N-ure (абстр. сущ.) to presspressure – давление

N N-ship (абстр. сущ.) a fellowfellowship – членство

A N-th widewidth – ширина

A N-ness wetwetness – влажность

A N-(i) ty densedensity – плотность

Упражнения

I. Распределите следующие существительные по рубрикам таблицы.

Minsk, a student, equipment, water, a point, space, a physicist, architecture, a device, sand, concrete, matter, Belarus, Mr. Smith, an advantage, time, soil, a building, cement, a thought, thinking, a bridge, a reflection, temperature, pressure, a crane, a vehicle, an architect, wood.

Собственные	Конкретные исчисляемые	Конкретные неисчисляемые	Абстрактные исчисляемые	Абстрактные неисчисляемые
Minsk	a student	water	a point	space

II. Прочитайте существительные в форме множественного числа, обращая внимание на произношение.

[s]	[ z]		[iz]
subjects achievements accidents marks scientists sites students cracks	terms fields inventions reasons constructions tunnels	degrees features engineers lorries motorways abilities buildings supplies	houses bridges sciences branches advantages sources distances changes

III. Образуйте формы множественного числа от следующих существительных:

а) physicist, architect, test, method, system, road, highway, size, introduction, plant, temperature;

b) ability, lorry, city, clay, waterway, country, opportunity, trolley, property, territory, story, supply, ray;

c) stress, finish, bench, polish, cross, varnish, arch, torch;

d) photo, kilo, potato, piano, tomato, grotto, fresco;

e) shelf, knife, roof, life, wife, motif;

IV. Завершите таблицу форм единственного и множественного числа.

Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
particle	particles	workshop
	devices		shelves
plan		improvement
	industries		components
photo		equation
object		property

V. a) Замените существительные с предлогом of формой притяжательного падежа.

Model: The study of my father.→

My father's study.

1. The birthday of my brother. 2. The new dictionary of the student. 3. The question of the teacher. 4. The books of the boys. 5. The crew of the ship. 6. The order of the commander-in-chief. 7. The new house of my brother-in-law. 8. The speech of the President. 9. The answers of the students. 10. The streets of our city. 11. The plan of the architect. 12. The architectural image of Minsk. 13. The boundaries of the city. 14. The life of the student. 15. The opinion of the chief engineer. 16. The program of two months. 17. The decision of the government.

b) Замените форму притяжательного падежа существительным с предлогом of.

Model: The doctor's address. →

The address of the doctor.

1. The chief’s instructions. 2. My elder sister's son. 3. The students' textbooks. 4. The teacher's new book. 5. The dean's opinion. 6. His friends' cars. 7. The girl's new computer. 8. My younger sister's profession. 9. The teachers' holiday. 10. The country's best theatre. 11. My friend's parents. 12. My friends’ arrival. 13. My collegue’s hobby. 14. Three weeks’ holiday. 15. The country’s economy.

VI. Вставьте артикли a/an, the там, где это необходимо.

1. There is … hostel opposite … University. 2. … most popular sport in our country is football. 3. I like … chemistry better than … physics. 4. … last night … moon was shining brightly. 5. … Nile flows into … Mediterranean. 6. My younger sister's husband is … accountant. 7. Don't sit on … grass. It's very wet. 8. … Europe and … America are separated by … Atlantic Ocean. 9. … London is … largest city in … England. 10. My mother is … engineer. 11. She is studying … hydraulics at the University. 12. I am going to … United States … next year. 13. … St. Petersburg was founded on … banks of … Neva by Peter … Great. 14. … winter begins in … December. 15. There is … power plant not far from our … city. 16. … power plant is … largest in our country. 17. … Browns spend their holidays in … Italy. 18. His friend is such … good civil engineer. 19. … room 37 is on … 3d floor. 20. … February is … shortest month of the year.

VII. Определите функции существительных в предложении.

1. Concrete is a mixture of cement, water and aggregate. 2. Aggregate is composed of rock particles. 3. Vehicles, their drivers and passengers are carried inside double-deck wagons. 4. In the event of emergency or train breakdown the passengers will leave the train through the cross-passage into the service tunnel. 5. The service tunnel also ventilates the train tunnels with fresh air. 6. Folkstone is a seaside town which is also a cross-channel port. 7. George Stephenson is a railway locomotive inventor and pioneer of the railway. 8. The properties of materials are affected by solar radiation. 9. Scientific and engineering progress opens up wide prospects be­fore man. 10. The driver has changed the direction of the motion of the bus.

VIII. Найдите существительные в приведённом ниже списке:

manufacture, transition, variable, wider, inventor, satisfy, effective, dependence, mean, affected, relationship, economics, opposite, emergency, lengthen, relevance, investigation, fitness, roadless.