Future Indefinite (Майбутній час)

Future Indefinite is used:

- in predictions about the future usually with the verbs think, believe, etc., expressions be sure, be afraid, adverbs perhaps, certainly: His mother thinks he well become an artist one day.

- for on-the-spot decisions and offers: I like this jacket. I'll take it.

- for actions or situations that will definitely happen in the future and which we cannot control: Ann will be five next week.

- for promises (with verbs, promise, guarantee, swear), threats, warnings, requests, hopes: He hopes the weather will be fine tomorrow.

- is used with such time expressions: tomorrow, next week, in a week, one of these days.

POSITIVE (+)		NEGATIVE (-)			QUESTION (?)			SHORT ANSWER
Subject (Підмет)	will Verb	Subject (Підмет)	will not (won’t)	Verb	Will	Subject (Підмет)	Verb?	Yes, No,	Subject (Підмет)	will. won’t.
He	will arrive.	He	won’t	arrive.	Will	he	arrive?	Yes, No,	he	will. won’t.

* We use to be going to do something with future meaning:

- for plans, intentions, ambitions we have for the future: I am going to visit London this year.

- in predictions when there is evidence that something will happen in the near future: Look at him. He is going to win the race.

* We use Present Indefinite Tense with future meaning when we refer to programmes and timetables: The film starts in ten minutes (cinema programme).

1. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb using Present Indefinite, Future Indefinite or to be going to with future meaning.

1. Why are you buying flour and eggs? – Because I …… (make) a cake. 2. I know what to buy Mum for her birthday? – Really. What …… (you/buy) for her? 3. Did you ask Ann to the party? – Oh, no. I forgot. I ….. (ask) her tonight. 4. Can I speak to Jim please? – Wait for minute. I …. (get) him to you. 5. What are your plans for the weekend? – I … (spend) some time with my friends. 6. What are you doing on Friday night? – I ….. (probably /stay) at home with my family. 7. I promise I …. (be) on time tomorrow. 8. Look at the boy! – Oh, yes, he … (climb) the tree. 9. Jason is very clever for his age. – Oh, yes, he says he …. (become) a doctor when he grows up. 10. When …. (your train / departures)? – At 10:30.

Modal Verbs (Модальні дієслова)

• the verbs can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should, ought to are modal verbs that do not describe an action or state itself but rather characterise the action expressed by the following after it verb: I can swim well.

• Modal verbs are followed by a bare infinitive, except for ought to: He may come tomorrow. BUT He ought to come tomorrow.

• Grammatical forms of modal verbs in the sentences are the following:

	Positive sentence	Negative sentence	Question	Short Answer
Rule	Subject + modal + verb	Subject + modal + not/n't + verb	Modal +subject + verb	Yes, No + subject + modal + (not/n't)
Example	You must stay.	She may not come.	Must they leave now?	Yes, I can. No, she can’t.

1. Underline the correct item.

e.g. You may/mustn’t run in the corridors. It is dangerous. 1. Can / Should I ask you a question? 2. Will / Shall we go out for lunch today? 3. You must / shouldn’t stay at home if you are ill. 4. Tommy can’t / couldn’t tell the time when he was a baby. 5. My book can’t / mustn’t be at home. I looked everywhere. 6. You might / needn’t clean the windows. They are not dirty. 7. Will /Shall I help you? 8. Sam left late for the airport this morning. He should / could have missed his flight. 9. Could /May /Shall you tell me the time please? 10. Would / Shall / Will we go shopping tonight? 11. Can / Shall / May you post this letter for me, please? 12. May / Will / Would I have a glass of water, please?