Exaggeration, to exaggerate - [I g z X g q r e I s q n] – перебільшення, перебільшувати

nutrition – харчування

evidence – свідоцтво, доказ

diabetic, diabetes – [ d Q i q b J t J z ] – хворий на діабет, діабет

theory - [ T J q r i ] –- теорія

colon – пряма кишка

fiber - [ f a i b q ] - клетчатка

intestines – кишки

rancidity – прогорклість

carcinogenic – [ k R s i n q G e n i k ] - канцерогенний

additive - добавка

molds – [ m o u l d ] - плесінь

proteins – [ p r o u t J n ] - білки

vitamins - [ v (Q) i t q m i n ] - вітаміни

to gain weight, to lose weight – набрати вагу, скинути вагу

vigorous – [ v i g (q) r q s ] - енергійний

Discussion.

1. In what ways could you improve your health? Discuss not only diet but also exercise, sleep, work and so on.

2. Do you know anyone who is overweight? If so, explain why this person is overweight. Do you think this person can take off weight in the future?

3. Do you get enough exercise?

Roleplay.

1. A housewife who knows a lot about nutrition is giving advice to one who knows nothing about it.

2. A doctor is giving advice to a person with a health problem. (diabetes, hypertension, heart trouble).

3. Two people are talking about how much exercise they get and if they get more.

Childless and free

Pre-reading task

1. Is having children connected with any disadvantages? What are they?

2. What do you know about a demographic problem?

3. Why has there been fewer children born lately than in the past?

In the past, young married couples often had children right after getting married. They didn't ask themselves if they had the desire to stay up at night with babies, to spend a good part of their time with children, to give up going out at night whenever they wanted to. Now, many young couples feel that not having children will allow them to have a freer, more enjoyable life style.

Never has the question of family size attracted as much attention in this country as it is getting now. In this time of "the pill," women's liberation, and high prices, young couples are giving serious thought to the number of children they want, can afford, or can raise successfully. What are the emotional or financial problems of raising a big family? Does raising children become incompatible with a wife's working career in the outside world? Can a childless couple achieve lasting satisfaction on their own? Michael Shandrik, 29, and his wife Pamela, 31, have joined the growing number of young couples who don't have, and don't want children. Many of their close friends are childless and plan to remain that way. Michael, a United States citizen who works for the Canadian consulate in San Francisco, says the decision not to have children developed over four years of marriage. He explains, "We never decided to become childless. It more or less became an understanding after we got married." Pamela, publications editor for a travel business in Berkeley, adds, "If I had married before 23, I probably would have had children. But as the years went by, I got used to the idea of working and not having children. It's too late to change now." For both of them, the desire for a free life style played a big part in the decision. Michael, who wants to build a career in communications, makes the point honestly: "We are just too selfish to have children at this point. We would rather buy the things we really want than go without things for the sake of the children. If we had a kid, we would have to start thinking about its education and health. We like the independence of getting up and going somewhere whenever we want. I want to get ahead. I have to take a lot of risks. In the places where I've worked, a guy who isn't happy keeps the job because of his family. I can find another job or simply leave." Pamela, too, is concerned about her career. But she also speaks about the need to prevent overpopulation. She says she is a supporter of Zero Population Growth, and adds, "I am doing my part to keep the world from being overcrowded with human beings in another 100 years. Furthermore, from a woman's point of view, if you have children when you are young, there is a 50-50 chance you will be raising them alone. I know a lot of divorced women with children. It's hard for them to raise their children alone." Thus the decision has been made to remain childless. For other couples unsure of whether or not to have children, Pamela says, "If you want children, it should be a positive decision. A couple should really want to have a child and be interested in its growth. The mother should stay at home with the kid – not working and leaving it off at a day care center. A lot of women have a kid because it is what they are expected to do. Have it because you want it."

incompatible - несумісний

selfish - егоістичний

to be concerned about – бути стурбованим

day care center – дитячий садок

Discussion

1. What do you feel about having children? How many children should a married couple have?

2. What do you feel about people who don’t want to have children?

3. What’s the best age for a man and for a woman to have children?

4. What do you feel about nuclear families and extended families?

5. Is it possible for a woman to make a career and be a good mother?

6. Many women now delay having their first child until they are in their 30s. Do you think that these women make more capable parents than those who have children when they are teenagers or in their 20s. Support your answers with reasons.

Roleplay:

1. You are explaining to a friend why you don’t want to have children. A friend is trying to convince you to have them.

2. Two women who have a full-time job are discussing why it is difficult for women to work and to have children.

BRATS

Pre-reading task

1. Did you use to have problems with your teachers when you were a schoolboy (schoolgirl)?

2. What did your parents usually punish you for?

3. Is it natural for children to be a pain in the neck for their parents and educators? To which extent?

A few years ago a French toy company had an unusual contest—a "biggest brat" contest. The company had a prize for the child whose behavior was the worst in the world. Over 2,000 parents entered their children in the contest. "Our child is the world's biggest brat!" they wrote. The parents made lists of all the bad things their children had done. Judges read the lists and chose the winner. She was a little girl from the United States. Her name was Lizzie, and she was four years old. Here are a few of the things Lizzie did to win the title, "The World's Biggest Brat":

• She put a garden hose into the gas tank of her father's car. Then she turned on the water.

• She painted a leather sofa with spray paint.

• She threw her mother's wedding ring into the toilet. Then she flushed the toilet.

• She put an ice cream sandwich into the VCR.

• She set the table for dinner. Then she glued the silverware to the table. Imagine her parents' surprise when they sat down to eat and tried to pick up their forks!

Lizzie may be the world's biggest brat, but she is certainly not the world's only brat. Alo is a five-year-old boy from Bangladesh. One afternoon, while his father was asleep on the sofa, Alo cut off his father's mustache. A few days later, he cut off his brother's eyebrows when his brother was sleeping in the bedroom. A few weeks after that, he cut off most of his mother's hair when she was asleep at night. Alo's family now keeps every pair of scissors under lock and key and always sleeps behind locked doors.

The behavior of a Mexican boy named Manuel is perhaps even worse than Lizzie's and Alo's because it is more dangerous. Manuel likes to play with matches. One day he found some matches near the kitchen stove. He took the matches, sneaked into his parents' bedroom, and set fire to the curtains. Fortunately, Manuel's mother walked into the bedroom just in time. She pulled down the curtains and put out the fire before it spread. Hiroshi, a young Japanese man, says that he rarely misbehaved when he was a young child but turned into a real brat when he was about 13. "My friends and I used to sneak around at night and let the air out of tires. We were terrible," he says. "Our parents tried to control us, but they didn't have much success. We drove them crazy."

No mother or father wants to be the parent of a brat. Parents everywhere try to control their children's behavior. Some parents spank their children when they misbehave. Other parents won't let their children watch TV or eat dessert. In Japan, parents often send their children outside when they misbehave and tell them they can't come into the house. In the United States, parents do just the opposite: they send their children to their bedrooms and tell them they can't go outside. Lizzie's parents don't know what to do about Lizzie. Her mother says, "I keep telling myself that Lizzie is going through a stage, but sometimes I don't know... It seems like she's always getting into trouble." Lizzie's father says, "One day we'll look back on all this and laugh." What does Lizzie think about her behavior? Lizzie doesn't like to talk about it. When a reporter asked Lizzie if she was "a bad girl," Lizzie kicked his leg. Then she yelled, "I'm not a brat! I'm an angel! Get out of my house!"

brat – вередун, бешкетник

contest - конкурс

to sneak - прокрастися

to set fire (to smth ) – підпалити

to put out (the fire) – потушити

to turn into (smth) - перетворитися

to spank – дати ляпаса

to misbehave – погано поводитися

Discussion:

1. When you were a child, were you a brat sometimes or always an “angel”?

2. What do you think about spanking children who misbehave?

3. Do you share a belief that children must learn about their parents and their needs just as the parents must learn about their children?

4. Do you think children in different countries behave differently? Or behave everywhere in the same way?

Situations: What do you do if…

1. You tell your teenage daughter to be home by 10 a.m. She wants to stay out later. As she leaves the house she yells: “I hate living here!” and slams the door.

2. You are at the department store with your 3-year-old daughter. She wants you to buy her a toy. You say “no”. She lies down on the floor and screams.

3. Your six-year old son comes home crying. An older boy in the neighborhood has hit him.