Самостоятельная работа № 7 Этап 1

Тема: The history of landscape design

Перед выполнением заданий следует повторить слова и выражения по теме “The history of landscape design”. Рекомендуется пользоваться словарём. Все незнакомые слова нужно выписать и запомнить.

Read the text. Make an oral translation. After reading answer some questions and translate underlined words

Make a vocabulary

For the period before 1800, the history of landscape gardening (later called landscape architecture) is largely that of master planning and garden design for manor houses, palaces and royal properties, religious complexes, and centers of government. An example is the extensive work by André Le Nôtre at Vaux-le-Vicomte and for King Louis XIV of France at the Palace of Versailles. The first person to write of "making" a landscape was Joseph Addison in 1712. The term "landscape architecture" was invented by Gilbert Laing Meason in 1828 and was first used as a professional title by Frederick Law Olmsted in 1863. During the latter 19th century, the term "landscape architect" became used by professional people who designed landscapes. This use of "landscape architect" became established after Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. and Beatrix Jones (later Farrand) with others founded the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) in 1899.

In the 19th century, urban planning became a more important need. The combination of the tradition of landscape gardening and emerging city planning that gave Landscape Architecture its unique focus to serve these needs. In the second half of the century, Frederick Law Olmsted completed a series of parks which continue to have a huge influence on the practices of Landscape Architecture today. Among these were Central Park in New York City, Prospect Park in Brooklyn, New York and Boston's Emerald Necklace park system. The only woman- landscape designer was Beatrix Farrand. She was design consultant for over a dozen universities including: Princetonin Princeton, New Jersey; Yale in New Haven, Connecticut; and the Arnold Arboretum for Harvard in Boston, Massachusetts.

Landscape architecture continues to develop as a design discipline, and to respond to the various movements in architecture and design throughout the 20th and 21st centuries.

The translation of underlined words

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Литература

1. Бжиская Ю. В. Английский язык для строительных специальностей: практикум/ Ю. В. Бжиская. – Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2008.

2. Голубев А. П., Коржавый А. П., Смирнова И. Б. Английский язык для технических специальностей. – М.: ОИЦ «Академия», 2011

3. Голицынский Ю.Грамматика английского языка.Сборник упражнений.-«КАРО», 2009г.

Интернет-ресурсы: www.english.ru, study-english.info

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