Словотворення

 

NOUNS

 TASK 1

 Study the information in the table.

Noun Suffixes

-er added to a verb is used for the person who does an activity: writer, worker, singer,... (sometimes -or, as in actor, sailor, supervisor,...)

-er/-or are also used for things which do a particular job: tin-opener, projector, ...

-er and -ee can contrast with each other, meaning “person who does something” (-er) and “person who receives or experiences the action” (-ee): employer/employee, ...

-(t)ion is used to make nouns from verbs: communication, pollution, admission, ...

-ist (person) and -ism (activity or ideology): marxist/Marxism, terrorist/terrorism, ...

-ist is also used for people who play musical instruments: pianist, violinist, ...

-al is added to some verbs to make nouns: arrival, refusal, ...

-ness is used to make abstract nouns from adjectives: happiness, goodness, weakness, ...

-ment is used to make abstract nouns from verbs: excitement, enjoyment, ...

-hood is used to make abstract nouns, especially family terms, from nouns: childhood, brotherhood.

-ship is used to make abstract nouns, especially status, from nouns: friendship, membership, partnership, ...

-(i)ty is used to make abstract nouns from adjectives: honesty, loyalty, ...

 

TASK 2

 

Do the exercises. Practise the noun formation.

1. Form corresponding nouns.

1. to add — _________________

2. to admire — _________________

3. to celebrate — _________________

4. to compose — _________________

5. to cooperate — _________________

6. to decorate — _________________

7. to devote — _________________

8. to dictate — _________________

9. to educate — _________________

10. to examine — _________________

11. to invite — _________________

12. to observe —_____________

13. to protect — _________________

14. to subtract — _________________

15. to translate — _________________

 

2. Make nouns from each of the following adjectives and nouns.

1. true _________________ (happy)

2. a sign of _________________ (weak)

3. to treat somebody with _________________ (kind)

4. his own greed and _________________ (selfish)

5. in early _________________ (child)

6. happy _________________ (adult)

7. to live in peace and _________________ (brother)

8. a religious _________________ (sister)

 

3. Give the noun form of these verbs.

1. improve (get better) — _________________

2. govern (control affairs of a country, city or town) _________________

3. manage (direct or control business) _________________

4. elect (choose somebody by voting) _________________

5. spell (to write a word) _________________

6. inform (tell someone something)_________

7. discuss (talk about something usually seriously) _________________

8. jog (running as a form of exercise) _________________

 

4. How do you call someone who does the following?

1. someone who drives a car is a _________________

2. someone who translates is a _________________

3. someone who studies the mind is a _________________

4. someone who studies the economy is an _________________

5. someone who teaches children at school is a _________________

6. someone who acts in movies is an _________________

7. someone who plays football is a _________________

8. someone who designs buildings is an _________________

9. someone who takes pictures is a _________________

10. someone who employs people is an _________________

11. someone who works on a ship is a _________________