Контрольные задания вариант № 4

Task I. Read and translate the following text in writing:

Text

Supply, Demand and Equilibrium

Demand is the quantity that buyers wish to purchase at each conceivable price.

Demand is not a particular quantity, such as six bars of chocolate, but rather a full description of the quantity of chocolate the buyer would purchase at each and every price which might be charged. Even when chocolate is free, only a finite amount will be wanted. People get sick from eating too much chocolate. As the price of chocolate rises, the quantity demanded falls, other things equal.

Supply is the quantity of a good sellers wish to sell at each possible price. Supply is not a particular quantity but a complete description of the quantity that sellers want to sell at each possible price. Chocolate cannot be produced for nothing. Nobody would supply at a zero price. At higher prices it is more lucrative to supply chocolate bars and there is a rise in the quantity supplied.

In everyday language, we say that when the demand for football tickets exceeds their supply some people do not get into the ground. Economists must be more precise. At the price charged for tickets, the quantity demanded exceeded the quantity supplied. A higher ticket price would have reduced the quantity demanded, leaving empty space in the ground. Yet there is no change in demand, the schedule describing how many people want admission at each possible ticket price. The quantity demanded only changed because the price changed.

Task II. Scan the text above and write down all the sentences containing the Modals.

Task III. Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the Infinitive.

1. He began writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living.

2. I consider myself lucky (to be) at that famous symposium.

3. He seems (to know) French very well.

4. The woman pretended (to read) and not (to hear) the phone ring.

5. You seem (to look) for trouble.

Task IV. Find the synonyms for the words and combinations given below.

possible –
to purchase –
to conceive –
to charge –
to produce –
supply –
to exceed –
space –

Task V. Open the brackets using Participle I or Participle II.

1. I come to … work by … bus. Today … bus was a bit late.

2. Sam used … drugs and was sent to … prison in … August. What … shame!

3. … Harrisons are not religious and they never go to … church.

4. … English are very fond of … gardening.

5. I’ve tried to learn … Japanese many times.

Task VI. Translate the sentences into English using the Gerund.

1. Я не отрицаю, что делал ставки в тот вечер.

2. Он не возражал против того, чтобы биржу закрыли.

3. Он не может меня простить за то, что я продал все свои акции.

4. Она отрицала, что взяла мои кредитные карты.

5. Мальчик любит смотреть деловые новости.

Task VII. Translate into English.

1. Спрос будет равен нулю, если цена на продукт нулевая.

2. Если спрос на товар превышает предложение, то некоторые люди не могут его получить.

3. Предложение – совокупность поставщиков, желающих продать товар по определенной цене.

4. Как только цена на товар растет, спрос на этот товар падает.

5. Спрос – это количество товара, которое покупатель желает приобрести за определенную цену.