Контрольные задания вариант № 3

Task I. Read and translate the following text in writing:

Text

Supply and Demand. Market

Society has to find some way to decide what, how and for whom to produce. Modern economies rely heavily on markets and prices to allocate resources between competing uses. The interplay of demand (the behaviour of buyers) and supply (the behaviour of sellers) determines the quantity of the good produced and the price at which it is bought and sold.

A market is a set of arrangements by which buyers and sellers are in contact to exchange goods or services.

Shops and fruit stalls physically bring together the buyer and the seller. The Stock Exchange uses intermediaries (stockbrokers) who transact business on behalf of clients. E-commerce is conducted on the Internet. In supermarkets, sellers choose the price, stock the shelves, and leave customers to choose whether or not to make a purchase. Antique auctions force buyers to bid against each other with the seller taking a passive role.

Although superficially different, these markets perform the same economic function. They determine prices that ensure that the quantity people wish to buy equals the quantity people wish to sell. Price and quantity cannot be considered separately. In fixing the price of a Bentley at 20 times the price of a Fiat, the market for motor cars ensures that production and sales of Fiats greatly exceed the production and sale of Bentleys. These prices guide society in choosing what, how, and for whom to produce.

Task II. Scan the text above and write down all the sentences containing the Passive forms.

Task III. Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the Infinitive.

1. I am sorry (to interfere) with your affairs.

2. His English seems (to get) better.

3. He is glad (to help) with his business problems.

4. I hate (to bother) you but the consultants are still waiting (to give) your instructions.

5. He seized every opportunity (to appear) in public.

Task IV. Find the synonyms for the words and combinations given below.

superficially –
to guide –
to bring together –
to transact –
to allocate –
to make a purchase –
to perform –
to conduct –

Task V. Open the brackets using Participle I or Participle II.

1. (to see) clouds of smoke over the house, the girl cried “Fire!

2. The report (to make) by Paul was not difficult.

3. The man (to stand) at the door is our director.

4. The right word (to speak) at the right time may have very important results.

5. The colleagues (to speak) good English must help their friends.

Task VI. Translate the sentences into English using the Gerund.

1. Нам пришлось отменить командировку до следующей субботы.

2. Простите, что не представил вас начальнику.

3. Когда она закончит писать отчет?

4. Я не возражаю против того, чтобы остаться дома и поработать над новым проектом.

5. Я не могу не беспокоиться о них: они перестали писать.

Task VII. Translate into English.

1. Фондовая биржа использует посредников, которые заключают сделки от имени покупателей.

2. Взаимодействие спроса и предложения определяет цены на товары и их качество.

3. Цену и качество нельзя рассматривать отдельно.

4. Производство и продажа этой марки машин имеет самые высокие показатели.

5. Рынок определяет цену на товар и показывает, что желаемое качество соответствует реальному качеству.