- •Lead-in
- •II. Read the text and find the answers to the questions above. Text a
- •Introduction into chemistry
- •1. Define if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following Russian words and word- combinations.
- •3. Find in the text the synonyms for the following words.
- •4. What notions do these groups of key words describe?
- •5. Match the words from two columns to make word-combinations. Make up your own sentences with these phrases.
- •6. Match the beginnings and the endings of the sentences.
- •Text b fundamental concepts of chemistry
- •1. Read the text again paying attention to the words in bold. Make up your own sentences with these words.
- •2. Match the words from the box with the pictures.
- •3. Translate the sentences into English without using a dictionary.
- •4. Look at the picture and comment on it from the point of view of chemistry.
- •5. Look through the text and find the main concepts of chemistry. Complete the chart. Give a definition for each concept and compare it with the definitions of your groupmates.
- •6. Read the following word-combinations.
- •Ionic bonds
- •7. Watch the video 'What is an Atom?'. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences.
- •8. Prepare the reports upon one of the following topics:
- •9. Surf the Internet. Find the information about new chemical sub-disciplines which have emerged in recent years. Make presentations. Use some useful expressions from the Appendix 1.
- •I . Lead-in
- •II. Read the text and find the answers to the questions above. Text a
- •Inorganic chemistry
- •Ores and Alloys
- •Chemical Bonding
- •Concept of Acids and Bases
- •Coordination Chemistry
- •Nuclear and Radioactivity
- •1. Define if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following Russian words and word-combinations.
- •3. Match the term on the left with the definition on the right.
- •4 . Match the words from two columns to make word-combinations. Make up your own sentences with these phrases.
- •5. Put the words in the right word order to make sentences.
- •With, Coordination, complexes, the, of, chemistry, deals, study.
- •6. Fill in the gaps using the words and word-combinations given below in the correct form. Translate the sentences.
- •7. Write down the words you associate with the term “inorganic chemistry”. Compare your words with the words of your groupmates.
- •Inorganic chemistry
- •8. Render the essence of each paragraph in one sentence. Use these sentences to present the summary of the text for your groupmates.
- •III. Read the following text. What is the meaning of the words in bold? text b types of inorganic chemical reactions
- •1. Practice in reading chemical formulas and equations in the text (see the rules in Appendix 4).
- •2. Each column contains a category and some terms listed under it. Cross out the term that does not fit in each category.
- •3. Define the type of inorganic chemical reaction.
- •4. Look at the picture and comment on it from the point of view of chemistry.
- •5. Read the following words and word-combinations.
- •Uses of sulphuric acid
- •5. Watch the video 'Sulphuric Acid Production'. Decide if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •6. Explain the following words and word-combinations in English.
- •7. Make up the sentences of your own with the words in bold. Provide your own examples of combustion reactions and precipitation reactions.
- •8. Ask different types of questions to the text and answer your groupmates' questions.
- •9 . Prepare a report upon one of the following topics:
- •Lead-in
- •II. Read the text and find the answers to the questions above. Text a analytical chemistry
- •1. Define if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following Russian words and word-combinations.
- •3. Fill in the gaps using the word-combinations given below. Translate the sentences.
- •4. Match the term on the left with the definition on the right.
- •5 . Match the words from two columns to make word-combinations. Make up your own sentences with these phrases.
- •6. Put the words in the right order to make questions. Then ask the questions to your groupmates.
- •7. Write down the words you associate with the term “analytical chemistry”. Compare your words with the words of your groupmates.
- •Analytical chemistry
- •8. Make up the plan of the text and summarize information.
- •III. Read the following text. What is the meaning of the words in bold? text b titration
- •1. Match the following terms with their definitions:
- •2. Translate the sentences into English without using a dictionary.
- •3. Read the following text about acid-base titration and unscramble the letters in the brackets to find the correct word. Translate the text.
- •4. Rewrite the sentence so that it contains the word in capitals.
- •5. Look at the picture and comment on it from the point of view of chemistry.
- •6. Ask different types of questions to the text “Titration” and answer your groupmates' questions.
- •7. Look through the text b. Make up the sentences of your own with the words in bold.
- •8. Read the text. Which pH indicator is the most acidic? Which one is the most basic? Make up the graph showing the efficient pH range of these indicators. PH indicators
- •Universal pH Indicator
- •Natural pH Indicator
- •Unit 4. Organic chemistry
- •I. Lead-in.
- •II. Read the text and find the answers to the questions above. Text a organic chemistry
- •1. Define if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following Russian words and word-combinations.
- •3. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences using the text above. Translate the sentences.
- •4. What notions do these groups of key words describe?
- •5. Make up the questions using the words given and 3 questions of your own. Present them in the form of a dialogue with your partner.
- •6. Read the 10 facts about carbon and match the two parts of each statement. What is the meaning of the words in bold?
- •7 . Make a short report about the importance of carbon in organic chemistry using the information above. If necessary, use the key word-combinations:
- •Organic chemistry
- •III. Read the following text. What is the meaning of the words and word-combinations in bold? text b classification of organic compounds
- •1. Match the words from the box with the pictures.
- •2. Translate the sentences into English without using a dictionary.
- •3. What are the scientific contributions made by the following organic chemists? Tell your partner about them. If necessary, use the Internet.
- •4. Look at the picture and comment on it from the point of view of chemistry. Say what classes these organic compounds belong to.
- •5. Read the following text and choose the correct word among suggested to fill in the gaps.
- •3 Accidental organic chemistry discoveries
- •Penicillin
- •Saccharin
- •Mauveine
- •6. Watch the video ‘Are artificial sweeteners really safe?’ Decide if the statements are true (t) or false (f).
- •I. Lead-in
- •II. Read the text and find the answers to the questions above. Text a physical chemistry
- •1. Define if the sentences are true (t) or false (f).
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following Russian words and word-combinations.
- •3. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences using the text above. Translate the sentences.
- •4. Find in the text the synonyms for the following words.
- •5. What notions do these groups of key words describe?
- •6. Read the following text about thermodynamics and unscramble the letters in the brackets to find the correct word. Translate the text.
- •7. Noun, verb, adjective, adverb, participle or preposition? What are the underlined words in each sentence?
- •8. Read the following quotations. What do they mean? Discuss them with your groupmates. Express agreement or disagreement.
- •Physical chemistry
- •III. Read the following text. What is the meaning of the words and word-combinations in bold? text b colloids
- •Help the student to solve the problems concerning colloids.
- •2. Find ten words in the wordsearch from the text b. (→, ↓)
- •3. Match the words from the box with the pictures.
- •4. Translate the sentences into English without using a dictionary.
- •5. Look at the picture and comment on it from the point of view of chemistry.
- •6. Read the following words and word-combinations.
- •How does soap work?
- •Active vocabulary unit 1
- •Translation practice text 1 chemistry around us
- •Text 2 enzymes
- •Vitamins
- •Text 4 micelle
- •Text 5 environmental chemistry
- •Text 6 cell phone chemistry
- •Text 7 alcohols
- •Text 8 keto-enol tautomerism
- •Text 9 coordination chemistry
- •Text 10 liquid-liquid extraction
- •Appendices
- •Chemical elements
- •How to read chemical formulas
- •How to read chemical equations
- •Irregular verbs
- •Useful expressions for making a presentation
- •References
Active vocabulary unit 1
atom (n) - атом
atomic nucleus - атомное ядро
bond (v) – соединяться, связываться
branch (n) – отрасль, раздел
bridge (v) - соединять
charged (a) – заряженный
chemical bond – химическая связь
chemical equation – химическое уравнение
chemical formula – химическая формула
chemical reaction – химическая реакция
composition (n) - состав
compound (n) — соединение
derive from – происходить от
electron (n) – электрон
element (n) - элемент
emerge (v) – появляться, возникать
encompass (v) – заключать в себе, охватывать
evolve (v) – развиваться, эволюционировать
gain (v) – получать, приобретать
ion (n) – ион
mass (n) - масса
matter (n) – материя; вещество
molecule (n) – молекула
natural sciences – естественные науки
neutron (n) - нейтрон
noted (a) – знаменитый, выдающийся
occur (v) – встречаться, иметь место
origin (n) - происхождение
overlap (n) – перекрывать, пересекаться
properties (n) - свойства
proton (n) – протон
quest (n) – поиск
substance (n) - вещество
turn into – превращать в
undergo (v) – подвергаться
UNIT 2
acid (n); acidic (a) – кислота; кислотный
alloy (n) - сплав
attach (v) - связывать, присоединять
balancing (n) - уравнивание
base (n); basic (a) – основание; основный
block of elements – семейство элементов
blurred (a) - расплывчатый, размытый
breakdown (n) - распад
chemical bond - химическая связь
combination reaction – реакция соединения
combustion (n) – горение
complex (n) - комплексное соединение
contain (v) - содержать
decomposition reaction – реакция разложения
electronic configuration - электронная конфигурация
extract (v)-извлекать, добывать
ligand (n) - лиганд
misconception (n) - неправильное понимание
ore (n) - руда
plant life - жизнь растений
predict (v) — предсказывать
precipitation (n) - осаждение
redox reaction - окислительно-восстановительная реакция
replace (v) – замещать
veer away from (v) - держаться в стороне, избегать
UNIT 3
acid-base titration – кислотно-основное титрование
accurate (a) - точный
analyte (n) – раствор неизвестной концентрации
atomic absorption spectroscopy — атомно-абсорбционная спектроскопия
burette (n) – бюретка
calibration curve – калибровочная кривая
detect (v) – обнаруживать
detection range — диапазон чувствительности
dispense (v) – распределять
end point of a titration — конечная точка титрования
flask (n) - колба
glassware (n) — стеклянная посуда
equilibrium constant – константа равновесия
equivalence point — точка эквивалентности
high-performance liquid chromatography — высокоэффективная жидкостная хроматография
infra-red spectroscopy - инфракрасная спектроскопия
measure (v) - измерять
method of addition — метод добавок
molarity (n) — молярная концентрация, молярность
mole (n) - моль
nuclear magnetic resonance — ядерный магнитный резонанс
performance (n) – производительность
primary standard — первичный стандарт
qualitative analysis — качественный анализ
quantitative analysis — количественный анализ
robustness (n) — надежность
sample (n) – образец, проба
separation (n) - разделение
standard solution — стандартный раствор
titrant (n) — титрант, титрованный раствор
titration (n) - титрование
volatilization (n) – испарение; выпаривание
volume (n) – объем
UNIT 4
addition reaction - реакция присоединения
alcohols (n) - спирты
aldehydes and ketones – альдегиды и кетоны
alkenes (n) - алкены
alkynes (n) - алкины
amines (n) – амины, amino acids - аминокислоты
aromatic compounds – ароматические соединения
bond strength — прочность связи
carbohydrates (n) - углеводы
carboxylic acids – карбоновые кислоты
(cyclo)alkanes (n) - (цикло)алканы
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) – ДНК (дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота)
electron affinity — сродство к электрону
electrophile (n) – электорофил
elimination reaction — реакция отщепления
esters (n) – сложные эфиры
ethers (n) – простые эфиры
evaluate (v) – оценивать
halides (n) – галогениды
index of refraction — показатель преломления
in silico - термин, обозначающий компьютерное моделирование (симуляцию) эксперимента
intermediate (n) – промежуточное соединение
lipids (n) - липиды
monomers(n) – мономеры
nucleic acids – нуклеиновые кислоты
nucleophile (n) – нуклеофил
pericyclic reaction — перициклическая реакция
phenols (n) - фенолы
polymers (n) – полимеры
precursor (n) - прекурсор
proteins (n) - белки
rearrangement reaction — реакция перегруппировки
RNA (ribonucleic acid) – РНК (рибонуклеиновая кислота)
stepwise reaction mechanism — ступенчатый механизм реакции
steric hindrance — стерическое (пространственное) затруднение
substitution reaction — реакция замещения
synthesis (n) - синтез
(un)saturated hydrocarbons — (не)насыщенные углеводороды
UNIT 5
absorb (v) – поглощать
aerosol (n) - аэрозоль
bulk properties – объемные свойства (в отличие от поверхностных)
catalyst (n) – катализатор
chemical kinetics — химическая кинетика
collision (n) – столкновение
colloid (n) – коллоид
continuous phase, dispersion medium — дисперсионная среда
deduce (v) – выводить, делать вывод
dispersed phase — дисперсная фаза
dispersion (n) – дисперсия, рассеяние
electrochemistry (n) - электрохимия
elucidate (v) – объяснять, разъяснять
emit (v) – излучать, испускать
emulsion (n) - эмульсия
entropy (n) – энтропия
equilibrium (n) - равновесие
evenly (adv) – равномерно
foam (n) - пена
interface (n) – поверхность раздела
investigator (n) – исследователь
microwave (а) - микроволновой
mode of action — механизм действия
quantum mechanics — квантовая механика
rate (n) – скорость
rotation (n) - вращение
scatter (v) – рассеивать
semipermeable membrane — полупроницаемая мембрана
sol (n) – золь
solid-state structure – твердотельная структура
step-by-step (a) – поэтапный
suspension (n) - суспензия
thermochemistry (n) - термохимия
thermodynamics (n) - термодинамика
trap(v) – удерживать
true solution – истинный раствор
Tyndall effect — эффект Тиндаля
ubiquitous (а) — повсеместный, встречающийся повсюду
vibration (n) - колебание
visible (а) - видимый