4. What notions do these groups of key words describe?

Key words

Notion

Odor, color, solutability

Qualitative properties

Functional groups, electron affinity, relative stability, path of the reaction

Spectroscopy, chemical composition and constitution

Melting point, index of refraction

Plastics, structural diversity, basis of earthly life

Addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions and redox reactions

Preparation, synthesis, laboratory

1. Carbon is the basis for organic chemistry

a. as it occurs in all living organisms.

2. Carbon is a nonmetal that can bond with itself and many other chemical elements,

b. or one of the softest (graphite).

3. Elemental carbon can take the form of one of the hardest substances (diamond)

c. though it was not produced in the Big Bang.

4. Carbon is made in the interiors of stars,

d. and has been known since prehistoric time.

5. Carbon compounds have limitless uses. In its elemental form, diamond is a gemstone and used for drilling/cutting; graphite is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and to protect against rust;

e. forming nearly ten million compounds.

6. Carbon has the highest melting/sublimation point of the elements. The melting point of diamond is ~3550°C,

f. hydrogen, helium, and oxygen are found in higher amounts, by mass.

7. Pure carbon exists free in nature

g. although inhalation of fine particles, such as soot, can damage lung tissue.

8. The origin of the name 'carbon' comes from the Latin word carbo, for charcoal.

h. The German and French words for charcoal are similar.

9. Pure carbon is considered non-toxic,

i. while charcoal is used to remove toxins, tastes, and odors.

10. Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe

j. with the sublimation point of carbon around 3800°C.