- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •English in the world
- •Section I
- •Section II
- •The indo-european language family tree scheme
- •Indo-european
- •Skim Reading Task
- •From the History of the English Language
- •Text I The Language of Shakespeare
- •Info Box
- •Section III
- •Text II English Has no Equals!
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises:
- •Text III
- •English in the World
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises:
- •Info Box
- •Section IV
- •The English Language
- •Text IV Basic Characteristics of the English language
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises:
- •British English and American English
- •Section V Text V
- •Are You Happy with the Way, You are Taught English?
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises:
- •Discussion Points
- •What makes a good language learner? test your aptitude for learning a foreign language
- •Interpret your score
- •Discussion
- •Section VI
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises:
- •Writing
- •Section VII Discussion Points
- •Listening
- •Appearance
- •Section I Topical Vocabulary
- •Section II
- •Vocabulary and Pre-reading Work
- •Info Box Why hair turns grey when people are old
- •If you put these letters in order according to their numbers you will have a quotation.
- •Discussion Points
- •Skim Reading Exercises
- •My Aunt Emily
- •Writing
- •Discussion and Speech Exercises
- •Section IV
- •Vocabulary and Pre-reading Work
- •Text I
- •A Visit to the Country
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •Word Guide
- •Grammar
- •Believe it or not
- •Section V
- •Vocabulary and Pre-reading Work
- •Word Guide
- •Text II
- •Mr. Rochester’s Visitors
- •Grammar
- •Believe it or not
- •Section VI Word Guide
- •Discussion Points
- •Skim Reading Work
- •Text III
- •Writing
- •Discussion points:
- •Appearance
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercise
- •Dictation
- •Writing
- •Spelling and punctuation
- •Listening
- •1) Darren Appleby, a 31-year-old art director, is married to Nicola, 30. They live in Cheshire.
- •2) Steve King, 28, lives in London and works in the media. He's single.
- •3) Richard Shorney, 40, a business adviser, lives in Cambridgeshire with his wife Sarah, 32.
- •4) Andy Barden, 35, lives in Kent with his wife Sandra, 46.
- •5) James Palmer, 32, is a farmer from Cambridge. He's married to Alison, 27.
- •6) Joel Orme is a 24-year-oid television researcher. He lives in Manchester with his girlfriend Lyndsey Evans, 24.
- •7) Simon Wells, 44, and Rebecca Owen, 59, both teachers, live in London.
- •8) Michael Briggs, 56, is married to Linda, 48. They run a website business together and live in Norfolk.
- •Discussion points:
- •The Key thing is the Heart
- •Word Guide
- •Skim Reading Task:
- •Writing
- •Listening
- •Список использованной литературы
- •Мартынюк н. Л. Oral and written practic in modern english part 1
Text I The Language of Shakespeare
The English language belongs to the Indo-European family and it is very old. It has changed very much throughout the centuries. If you had an opportunity to read Shakespeare, you could obviously notice the difference the English language spoken today and the one of his epoch.
Throughout history, other languages have influenced English. Though initially of Germanic origin, it has been in fact replaced around 500 B.C. by the Celtic language. Celts moved to Britain from the Central and Western Europe. The Celtic language evolved into the Irish and Welsh languages that are spoken today in some parts of the United Kingdom.
During the Roman period, A.D. – 43-400, Latin influenced the Celtic language, and some Latin words entered the Celtic language.
In 449 the Germanic tribes – the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, invaded Britain. All spoke dialects of a language that scholars call West Germanic. Other current West Germanic languages, along with English are Dutch and German. West Germanic was closely related to North Germanic, which survived today in the Scandinavian languages such as Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish. Originally, both West Germanic and North Germanic were the same language, called Germanic. They all spoke Old English, which replaced Celtic. Old English was spoken until the year 1000.The name term English goes back to the name of one of the Germanic tribes – the Angles.
During the Norman Conquest of 1066, William the Conqueror imposed a new government, and tried to impose on Britain the conquerors’ French. From then until about 1475, the language is called Middle English. During that time English was very much under the influence of French and thousands of French words entered the language.
Around the 1475 the English language began to change. A lot of sounds changed their pronunciation and spelling changed as well. Thus, the Modern English appeared. It suffered many changes since 1500 and it continues to develop. Development of science, technology and society in general brings new valuable additions to the language nowadays.
Ex.5. Pick out from the text the names of languages. Are all of them spoken nowadays?
Ex.6. What periods in the development of the English language do these dates refer to?
1475, 449, 500, 1500, 43-400, 1000
Ex.7. Match each group of word combinations with the period of the English language development:
1) Of Germanic origin, replaced, evolved into Irish and Welsh |
a) Later changes in the English language |
2) To impose French, Middle English, to be under the influence of French, numerous borrowings from French |
b) The Norman Conquest |
3) To change pronunciation and spelling, the Modern English, to suffer changes, to bring new additions |
c) The Roman period |
4) The influence of Latin on the Celtic language, many Latin words |
d) The influence of the West Germanic languages |
5) The Germanic tribes, to invade Britain, to speak dialects, to be closely related to, the Scandinavian languages, the same language, to replace Celtic |
e) The influence of the Celtic language
|
Ex.8. Translate the following sentences into English making use of the topical vocabulary:
1) На протяжении своего развития английский язык претерпевал множество изменений, как в фонетике, так и в орфографии. 2) Многие европейские языки оказали влияние на английский язык. 3) В средние века на территории Великобритании проживало много племен, и существовало множество диалектов. 4) Английский язык относится к германской группе языков. 5) В течение долгого времени английский язык находился под влиянием французского языка. 6) Примерно в 500 г до н.э. язык, существовавший на территории Великобритании, был заменен Кельтским языком. 7) Период Нормандского завоевания можно назвать эпохой влияния французского языка на английский. 8) Многие французские слова сохранились в английском языке до сих пор. 9) Многие новые слова относятся к сфере науки и технологии. 10) В 449 г. германские племена захватили Британию. 11) Название английского языка восходит к названию одного из германских племен – Англов. 12) Племена, которые завоевывали территорию Великобритании, навязывали местному населению свой язык.
Ex.9. Answer the questions on the text:
What are the periods of evolution of the English language called?
What languages influenced English during each of the periods?
What are the languages spoken on the territory of the United Kingdom today?
Why is English called the language of Shakespeare?
Why are languages in continuous change?
Ex.10. Retell the text using the following plan:
General characteristics of the English language.
The influence of the Celtic language on English.
The influence of the Latin language on English.
The influence of the West Germanic languages on English.
Changes in the English language during the Norman Conquest.
Later changes in the English language.
Ex.11. Read the Info Box. Try to recognize Old English and Middle English words in the passages given as examples, and provide their Modern English equivalents. How much can you understand out of these passages?