- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •English in the world
- •Section I
- •Section II
- •The indo-european language family tree scheme
- •Indo-european
- •Skim Reading Task
- •From the History of the English Language
- •Text I The Language of Shakespeare
- •Info Box
- •Section III
- •Text II English Has no Equals!
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises:
- •Text III
- •English in the World
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises:
- •Info Box
- •Section IV
- •The English Language
- •Text IV Basic Characteristics of the English language
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises:
- •British English and American English
- •Section V Text V
- •Are You Happy with the Way, You are Taught English?
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises:
- •Discussion Points
- •What makes a good language learner? test your aptitude for learning a foreign language
- •Interpret your score
- •Discussion
- •Section VI
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises:
- •Writing
- •Section VII Discussion Points
- •Listening
- •Appearance
- •Section I Topical Vocabulary
- •Section II
- •Vocabulary and Pre-reading Work
- •Info Box Why hair turns grey when people are old
- •If you put these letters in order according to their numbers you will have a quotation.
- •Discussion Points
- •Skim Reading Exercises
- •My Aunt Emily
- •Writing
- •Discussion and Speech Exercises
- •Section IV
- •Vocabulary and Pre-reading Work
- •Text I
- •A Visit to the Country
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
- •Word Guide
- •Grammar
- •Believe it or not
- •Section V
- •Vocabulary and Pre-reading Work
- •Word Guide
- •Text II
- •Mr. Rochester’s Visitors
- •Grammar
- •Believe it or not
- •Section VI Word Guide
- •Discussion Points
- •Skim Reading Work
- •Text III
- •Writing
- •Discussion points:
- •Appearance
- •Vocabulary and Speech Exercise
- •Dictation
- •Writing
- •Spelling and punctuation
- •Listening
- •1) Darren Appleby, a 31-year-old art director, is married to Nicola, 30. They live in Cheshire.
- •2) Steve King, 28, lives in London and works in the media. He's single.
- •3) Richard Shorney, 40, a business adviser, lives in Cambridgeshire with his wife Sarah, 32.
- •4) Andy Barden, 35, lives in Kent with his wife Sandra, 46.
- •5) James Palmer, 32, is a farmer from Cambridge. He's married to Alison, 27.
- •6) Joel Orme is a 24-year-oid television researcher. He lives in Manchester with his girlfriend Lyndsey Evans, 24.
- •7) Simon Wells, 44, and Rebecca Owen, 59, both teachers, live in London.
- •8) Michael Briggs, 56, is married to Linda, 48. They run a website business together and live in Norfolk.
- •Discussion points:
- •The Key thing is the Heart
- •Word Guide
- •Skim Reading Task:
- •Writing
- •Listening
- •Список использованной литературы
- •Мартынюк н. Л. Oral and written practic in modern english part 1
Section II
Ex.1. Analyze the Indo-European language family tree scheme and answer the following questions.
What group of languages does the Russian (English) language belong to?
What group of languages does your native language belong to?
The indo-european language family tree scheme
Indo-european
HELLENIC – ATTIC GREEK – KOINE – MODERN GREEK
ITALIC – LATIN: Spanish, Moldavian, Romanian, Italian, Portuguese, French
GERMANIC: Old English – English, Scandinavian, Dutch, Flemish, German
CELTIC – IRISH GAELIC: Erse, Irish, Welsh
Albanian
Armenian
BALTO-SLAVIC: Lithuanian, Serbo-Groatian, Czecho-Slovak, Russian, Polish, Bulgarian, Slovak, Ukrainian, Byelorussian
INDO-IRANIAN: SANSCRIT: Hindi
Bengali
OLD PERSIAN – MODERN PERSIAN – Persian
Skim Reading Task
Ex.2. Read the following text and tell about the stages of the development of the English language.
From the History of the English Language
Long ago, only few languages were spoken. One of them was Indo-European. Experts believe that the people in Central and Northern Europe spoke Indo-European around 5000 B.C. Later, as some of the people moved to other parts of Europe and to India, new languages developed. All these languages are now part of the Indo-European family.
One language in the Indo-European family is English. English is hundreds of years old. However, the English we speak today is not the same as the English of long ago. The language has changed and developed over the years.
Around 500 B.C. people called Celts moved to Britain. They came from Central and Western Europe. Their language, Celtic, became the language of Britain.
In 43 A.D. Romans arrived in Britain. They spoke a different language, Latin. However Latin did not affect Celtic much. Only a few Latin words entered the Celtic language. Some examples are candle, master, port.
The Romans left Britain in the 400s. Soon after, in 449, Britain was invaded by three Germanic tribes called the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes. Because they came from different places, they all spoke different versions of the same language. After they arrived in Britain, they started to speak the same language, Old English, which replaced Celtic. Even the name Britain was changed to Angle land. Old English lasted past the year 1000.
In 1006, French people called Normans conquered England. By 1400, thousands of French words had entered the English language. Examples are colour, dinner, government. The new language, called Middle English lasted from about 1100 to 1500.
No one knows exactly why, but around 1500 English vowel sounds began to change. For example, the sound of sweet changed from swete to sweet. Word spelling, however, stopped changing. With the invention of the printing press, around 1450, people started to use standard spellings for the words. The language spoken after 1500 became known as Modern English.
Modern English is the English that we use today. The language continues to grow and to incorporate new words constantly, especially words related to science and technology.
Pre-reading Work
Ex.3. Transcribe and learn to read the following words and word combinations:
Indo-European, Shakespeare, throughout, epoch, Germanic origin, the Celtic language, Celts, the Central and Western Europe, Irish and Welsh, the Roman period, Latin, the Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes, Dutch, German, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror, science.
Ex.4. Read and translate the following text: