- •Предисловие
- •Topic 1: management of time
- •Topic 2: leisure
- •At (your) leisure – if you do something at your leisure, you do it slowly and without hurrying:
- •The British at leisure
- •Leisure activities in the uk
- •Leisure and Activities of American Youth
- •Topic 3: travelling
- •Different Means of Travel
- •At the railway station
- •At the airport
- •Topic 4: higher education
- •East Siberian State Academy of Culture and Arts
- •Vocabulary (positive/negative). Useful patterns
- •Studying at University in the uk
- •Living at university
- •Why study in the usa?
- •Topic 5: conservation, protection and environmental issues
- •World Heritage Site
- •18 April – The World Heritage Day
- •Study a table showing the countries with ten or more World Heritage Sites.
- •Natural
- •Topic 6: technology in our lives
- •How Technology Affects Our Everyday Lives
- •Negative Consequences of Using Technology
- •Topic 7: music in our lives
- •If you want to know more about pop music, read the texts. The History of Pop Music: Part I
- •The History of Pop Music: Part II
- •Список литературы
- •Содержание
- •Для заметок Для заметок
18 April – The World Heritage Day
World Heritage is the shared wealth of humankind. Its protection and preservation demands the collective efforts of the international community. This special day offers an opportunity to widen the public's knowledge about the diversity of natural and cultural heritage and the efforts that are required to protect and conserve it, as well as draw attention to its vulnerability.
The International Day for Monuments and Sites has been celebrated throughout the world since 18 April 1982.
ICOMOS, the International Council for Monuments and Sites makes a number of suggestions on how to celebrate the World Heritage Day:
- visits to monuments and sites, and restoration works, possibly with free admission;
- articles in newspapers and magazines, as well as television and radio broadcasts;
- inviting personalities for conferences and interviews;
- organizing discussions with local and foreign experts, exhibitions (photos, paintings, etc);
- publication of books, post-cards, stamps, posters;
- awarding prizes to organizations or persons who have made an outstanding contribution to the conservation and promotion of cultural heritage or produced an excellent publication on the subject.
Make a list of organizations which are engaged in conservation and preservation activities.
Study a table showing the countries with ten or more World Heritage Sites.
1. Italy – 47 |
10. USA – 21 |
19. Poland – 13 |
2. Spain – 44 |
11. Australia – 19 |
20. Czech Republic – 12 |
3. China – 43 |
12. Brazil – 19 |
21. Belgium – 11 |
4. France – 38 |
13. Greece – 17 |
22. Peru – 11 |
5. Germany – 37 |
14. Canada – 16 |
23. Switzerland – 11 |
6. Mexico – 31 |
15. Japan – 16 |
24. Turkey – 11 |
7. India – 29 |
16. Iran – 15 |
25. South Korea – 10 |
8. UK – 28 |
17. Sweden – 15 |
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9. Russia – 25 |
18. Portugal – 14 |
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Study a table of some natural and cultural heritage sites in Russia.
Natural
Name |
Federal subject |
Description |
Lake Baikal |
Irkutsk Oblast and Republic of Buryatia |
Situated in south-east Siberia, the 3.15-million-ha Lake Baikal is the oldest (25 million years) and deepest (≈1,700 m) lake in the world. It contains 20% of the world’s total unfrozen freshwater reserve. Known as the ‘Galapagos of Russia’, its age and isolation have produced one of the world’s richest and most unusual freshwater faunas, which is of exceptional value to evolutionary science. |
Lena Pillars Nature Park |
Sakha Republic
|
Lena Pillars Nature Park is marked by spectacular rock pillars that reach a height of about 100 m along the banks of the Lena River in the central part of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). They were produced by the region’s extreme continental climate with an annual temperature range of almost 100 degrees Celsius (from –60 °C in winter to +40 °C in summer). The pillars form rocky buttresses isolated from each other by deep and steep gullies. The site also contains a wealth of Cambrian fossil remains of numerous species, some of them unique. |
Uvs Nuur Basin |
Tuva Republic |
The Uvs Nuur Basin (1,068,853 ha) takes its name from Uvs Nuur Lake, a large, shallow and very saline lake, important for migrating birds, waterfowl and seabirds. The steppe ecosystem supports a rich diversity of birds and the desert is home to a number of rare animals. The mountains are an important refuge for the globally endangered snow leopard, mountain sheep (argali) and the Asiatic ibex. |
Volcanoes of Kamchatka |
Kamchatka Krai |
This is one of the most outstanding volcanic regions in the world, with a high density of active volcanoes. The interplay of active volcanoes and glaciers forms a dynamic landscape of great beauty. The sites contain great species diversity, including the world’s largest known variety of salmonoid fish and exceptional concentrations of sea otter and brown bear. |
Notes:
ha.= hectare – гектар
buttress – опора
gully – глубокий овраг
fossil – ископаемое
shallow and very saline lake – мелкое и соленое озеро
refuge for – убежище от
the Asiatic ibex – азиатский каменный козел
glacier – ледник
Cultural
Name |
Federal subject |
Description |
Architectural Ensemble of the Trinity Sergius Lavra (14th century on) |
Sergiev Posad, Moscow Oblast |
This is a fine example of a working Orthodox monastery, with military features that are typical of the 15th to the 18th century, the period during which it developed. The main church of the Lavra, the Cathedral of the Assumption, contains the tomb of Boris Godunov. Among the treasures of the Lavra is the famous icon, The Trinity, by Andrei Rublev. |
Historic and Architectural Complex of the Kazan Kremlin |
Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan |
Built on an ancient site, the Kazan Kremlin dates from the Muslim period of the Golden Horde and the Kazan Khanate. It was conquered by Ivan the Terrible in 1552 and became the Christian See of the Volga Land. The only surviving Tatar fortress in Russia and an important place of pilgrimage, the Kazan Kremlin consists of an outstanding group of historic buildings dating from the 16th to 19th centuries, integrating remains of earlier structures of the 10th to 16th centuries. |
Historic Centre of St. Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments |
Saint Petersburg |
The ‘Venice of the North’, with its numerous canals and more than 400 bridges, is the result of a vast urban project begun in 1703 under Peter the Great. Its architectural heritage reconciles the very different Baroque and pure neoclassical styles, as can be seen in the Admiralty, the Winter Palace, the Marble Palace and the Hermitage. |
Moscow Kremlin and Red Square (13th-20th centuries) |
Moscow |
Linked to all the most important historical and political events in Russia since the 13th century, the Kremlin (built between the 14th and 17th centuries by outstanding Russian and foreign architects) was the residence of the Great Prince and also a religious centre. At the foot of its ramparts, on Red Square, St Basil’s Basilica is one of the most beautiful Russian Orthodox monuments. |
Notes:
The Trinity –Троица
Assumption – Успение
the Golden Horde – Золотая Орда
the Christian See – Христианская епархия
the place of pilgrimage – место паломничества
at the foot of the ramparts – у подножия крепостного вала
Work with a partner. Choose the World Heritage Site in Russia you admire most and tell your partner about the unique characteristics of this place.
Act out a dialogue on the basis of the situation suggested using the scheme and useful language.
Your English friend is coming to you in summer. You are planning to visit one of the World Heritage Natural Sites of Eastern Siberia. Develop the dialogue.
Dialogue scheme and useful language
Partner 1 |
Partner 2 |
Ask your Russian friend about the World Heritage Natural sites of Eastern Siberia that are worth visiting. I wonder if there are any World Heritage natural sites in… Can you tell me about…? |
Share your knowledge of such places. Oh, Eastern Siberia is really rich in… There are many places worth visiting. |
Ask what place your Russian friend recommends to visit first of all. What would you recommend me to visit? |
Express your willingness to show Lake Baikal to your friend. Explain the reasons for your decision giving the facts about the uniqueness of the lake. There is nothing like going to… In my opinion, it’s better to go to… Personally I would prefer… Lake Baikal is the deepest freshwater lake in the world. It is famous for endemic species of flora and fauna such as…. |
Express your excitement. Ask your friend if he/she has been to Lake Baikal. It’s really exciting! I like your idea. I am eager to have a rest at the lake. Nothing can be better than… Have you ever been to…?. |
Tell your friend about your impressions of the lake which you have been to several times. Each trip to this world wonder is unforgettable. I can’t help admiring its beauty, endemic species, flora and fauna. I really like…. I admire ….. It is fantastic! |
Ask what struck your friend mostly. What impressed you most? |
Mention some ecological problems of the lake including littering the shores. Unfortunately, lake Baikal faces some ecological challenges… |
Suggest some ways of solving such problems in Britain. Britain has rich experience in this field. I mean volunteering. Why not take part in volunteer campaigns? |
Agree. That’s a good idea.
|
Complete the lists of World Heritage sites in the UK and the USA.
the UK |
the USA |
Stonehenge |
the Grand Canyon |
|
|
Choose the country from the table at p. 44 and make a list of its natural and cultural sites. Make their presentation.
Do you know?
Before 1900, rainforests covered 14 percent of the world surface. Today they cover 7 percent. The reason for this is simple. They have been cut down to provide land, paper and fuel, but it’s not only trees which are disappearing. Every rainforest also contains millions of animals, insects and flowers. If man continues to cut down rainforests, more than 1 million of plants and animals will become extinct by 2030.
Now practice the conversation on the rainforests conservation problem with a partner.
Leila Markham is an environmentalist. Tony Hunt, a journalist, is interviewing her on the radio.
Tony: So tell me, Leila, why is it important to save rainforests?
Leila: There are a number of reasons. One is that many plants which could be useful in medicine grow in the rainforest. We don’t know all the plants yet – there are thousands and thousands of them. Researchers are trying to discover their secrets before they are destroyed.
Tony: I see. What other reasons are there?
Leila: Well, I’m sure you’ve heard of global warming.
Tony: You mean, the idea that the world is getting warmer?
Leila: That’s right. The rainforests have an important effect on the earth’s climate. They are disappearing at a terrifying rate and soon they will be gone. People are not doing enough to save them.
Tony: But is global warming really such a problem? I enjoy warm sunshine.
Leila: What happens when you heat ice?
Tony: It melts of course.
Leila: OK. The polar ice caps consist of millions of tons of ice. If they melt, the level of the sea will rise and cause terrible floods. Many scientists believe that temperatures are already rising. We must do everything we can to prevent global warming and that includes preserving the rainforests.
Tony: Thank you, Leila, and good luck in your campaign.
Leila: Thank you.
Make a list of global environmental problems, explaining their sources. Discuss the possible ways of their solution and your participation in environmental campaigns. Take advantage of the following hints.
Problem |
Reasons |
Solutions |
The extinction of plant and animal life |
*pollution (air, water, land, industrial); *killing animals (hunting, poaching, for food, for research, for profit); *deforestation (caused by trees burnt or cut down) |
*reducing pollution; *protecting animals in danger by law; *opening more national parks and planting more new forests; *protecting jungles and forests; *providing more money for conservation; *raising public awareness about endangered species |
Air pollution |
*cars, buses, trucks (exhaust fumes); *smoke and fumes from factories and plants |
*encourage industries to use cleaner methods of production; *install pollution control and purification systems; *expand the green zone; *use cars which run on unleaded petrol |
Water pollution |
|
|
Land pollution |
|
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Global warming. Greenhouse effect |
|
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Notes:
pollution -загрязнение
poach – браконьерствовать
deforestation – вырубка, обезлесивание
exhaust fumes – выхлопные газы
awareness – осведомленность, знание
endangered species – виды, находящиеся под угрозой исчезновения
unleaded petrol – неэтилированный (очищенный) бензин