3. Answer the following questions on the text, make use of the collocations you have highlighted to make your speech more sophisticated and rich in new vocabulary.

1. What do people know about the early history of the English language?

2. What is the Germanic language?

3. Why is it difficult to determine the period when the English language appeared?

4. To what extent did the Celts influence the English language? Was this influence substantial?

5. How did the Norsemen contribute to the development of English in the 9th-11th centuries?

6. What was the linguistic impact of the Normans on English?

7. How can you explain the fact that many words from Latin and French entered English?

8. What changes did the process of standardisation cause?

9. What was the common understanding of the term "dialect" in the Middle English period?

10. When did the London standard begin to dominate? What was the result of such domination?

11. What linguistic changes occurred in the English language that made its pronunciation peculiar?

12. What events have contributed vastly to the rise of English to its modern status?

13. What is the current position of the English language in the world?

4. Find definitions or explain the meaning of the following terms from the text.

• loanword

• a standard language

• inflection

• trilingualism

• regional varieties

• spelling

• lingua franca

5. Understanding words in context. Look in the text for words and

expressions to match the following definitions.

1. to discover exactly where something is (V) #1_________________

2. to some degree but not completely or extremely (Adv) #1______________

3. information kept about something that has happened (N) # 2 _____________

4. all the books that have been written (N) #2________________

5. to describe something or be about something (V+Pr) #2 _______________

6. living in a particular place (Adj+Pr) # 3 ________________

7. a slight sign that something has happened (N) #3 ________________

8. real or basic ones although not obvious (Adj) #3 ________________

9. similarity (N) #4 _________________

10. sudden change that affects people's lives (N) #4 ______________

11. 11.to see, to be the scene or setting of (V) # 5 ____________

12. to stop functioning (V) #5 ____________

13. to turn the pages of a book quickly (V) #5 ______________

14. slowly or gradually continuing to change (Adj) # 6 _______________

15. slight difference that is difficult to notice but it is fairly important (N) #7 ______________

6. Complete the chart with the derivatives of the words given

Verb	Noun	Adjective
	invader + abstract noun ____	---------
	settler + abstract noun	----------
	emergence	emerging emergent
distinguish	distinction
	dominance domination	dominating
	borrowing	borrowed
standardize		standardized
vary		varied
	replacement	replaced
speculate	speculation