Латинские сокращеия

1. A.D.- anno Domini нашей эры

2. etc. – et cetera – и прочее

3. e.g. – exempli gratia - например

4. i.e – id est – то есть

5. id – idem – тот же

6. i.q – idem quod – так же

7. a.m. – ante meridiem – до полудня

8. p.m. – post meridiem – после полудня

9. et al. – et alii – и др.

10. et seq – et sequence - последующий

11. N.B.- nota bene – особое внимание

12. nl – non licet – не разрешается

13. p.a. – per annum - ежегодно

14. p.r.n. – pro re nata – сообразно возникающим обстоятельствам

15. P.S. – post scriptum - приписка

16. s.d. – sine die - на неопределенный период

17. viz – videlicent – т. е.; а именно

АНГЛИЙСКИЕ СОКРАЩЕНИЯ

1. B.C. before Christ до нашей эры

2. VIP-very important person – очень важная персона

3. ref. – reference – ссылка

4. H.Q.; h.q. – headquaters – главное управление, штаб

5. pp. – pages - страницы

ПРИМЕРНАЯ СХЕМА АННОТАЦИИ СТАТЬИ

1. The title of the article(text) is …

2. It is published (distributed, issued) in…

3. The purpose(aim, intention,reason,) of this article is to show…

4. The author analyses (explains, characterizes, estimates, interprets,investigates)…

5. Some parts of the article deal with …

6. The author points out …

7. In conclusion the author says, that …

8. It is aimed at…(increasing students’knowledge and understanding of…)

9. The author discusses the…, emphasizing …

10. This discussion is of utmost importance for (the preservation of safety and well-being)

ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ СПРАВОЧНИК

Present Simple

Positive statements

I You We They	Like	York
He She	Likes

Question

Do	you we they	like jazz?
Does	she he

Negative statements

I You We They	don’t	like York.
He She	doesn’t

Short answer Positive

Yes,	I we they	do.
	she does. he

Short answer Negative

No,	I we they	don’t
	she he	doesn’t

1. In the 3^rd person singular, s is added to the positive form. The 3^rd person question and negative are formed with does / doesn’t and the base form.

2. In this book, the present simple is used to express:

personal information She lives in Lisbon.

likes and dislikes Do you like cooking?

fixed times What time do the banks open?

routine Carlos gets up at six thirty.

frequency She sometimes goes to the theatre.

Past Simple

Positive statements

I went home.

Negative statements

I didn’t go home.

Question

Did you go?

Short answer: Positive

Yes, I did.

Short answer: Negative

No, I didn’t.

1. The forms are the same with all subject pronouns: I/ you/ he / she / it / we / they.

2. The past simple is used to express:

past facts My mother was Irish.

past events We went to Florida.

past narrative I locked the door and got into bed.

biography She left school two years ago.