Урок 13. Инфраструктура города и деревни.

If you had a choice where to live – in a big city or in a small town – what would you prefer? A big city has lots of advantages as well as disadvantages. In a city there are many places to visit: theatres, cinemas, galleries, places of interest, clubs, supermarkets and many others. You won’t find all that in a small town, but it’s a lot quieter and cleaner there.

City dwellers live under constant thread. The crime rate in most big cities is very high. Houses are burgled, people are afraid of going out at night. All this, of course, exists in small towns, but not in such awful extend. 

In a big city streets are crowded. It takes ages to get to work. Besides traffic jams, you feel uncomfortable in transport full of people.

Any city has a great number of problems. For example, constant noise which influences a nervous system. The state of air and water may cause health problems. City-dwellers have to lead an unnatural way of live, sometimes very stressful.  They lose touch with nature. Such simple things as sunshine and fresh air are a premium. Tall buildings block the sum. Traffic fumes pollute the atmosphere.

But in spite of that it’s wrong to say that living in a city is bad. If you are an active person, always looking for opportunities and something new, you should be a city-dweller. City-life is fast, but very exciting. Good schools, universities and other educational centers are situated in cities. You won’t find all the needed information in the Internet, but you can find the right places and people in a city.

A lot of goods of all range can be bought in a city, not in a town or a village. If your aim is to make a career, and not just be a calm gardener or something of that kind, you must go to the city. If you are social and like to meet new people, you can easily do it in a city. City never sleeps, at night you can relax and spend a great time in dozens (or even hundreds) of cafes, restaurants and nightclubs.

What’s more important – advantages or disadvantages of living in a big city – it’s for you to decide. As well as it’s for you to decide, where to live – in a city or in the village.

Д/З: составить топик и презентацию на тему «Жизнь в городе и в деревне: плюсы и минусы».

Урок 14-15. Природа, окружающий мир. Человек и природа.

Many people like to live in cities. They like big houses, busy streets and cars. But they also love nature. During their vacations they go to the woods, to the seaside or spend a good time in the country. They like to watch animals, birds in the forest or in the fields.

One of the most serious problems is air pollution. More and more factories cars and lorries add their bad breath to the air.

1. We must keep the country tide.

2. We must grow flowers and trees.

3. We must leave wild flowers for others to enjoy.

4. We must protect our nature.

5. We must take care of birds and animals.

6. We must respect the life and work of the countryside.

7. We must put litter in the special bin.

8. We must recycle newspapers, bottles and metal cans.

9. We must feed birds in winter.

10. 2. We should not throw trash in the streets or parks.

11. A lot of trash can be recycled.

12. We must not make fire in the forest.

13. We must not damage trees.

14. We must not kill birds and animals

15. We must not leave litter in the forest.

16. We must not throwing rubbish into the river.

Our adventures in the forest.

Last Sunday our class went camping to the forest. We took food, a compass, matches, a pen-knife, a cauldron, bottles of water, tins. On the way to the campsite we found a little rabbit and took it with us. At the campsite we cut down some small trees for a campfire. Then we cooked food.

    The boys opened tins and water bottles. The girls ate sweets. After dinner Anton and Victor buried tins under a tree. Anna and Marina burnt plastic bottles in the campfire. We left paper plates and glass on the ground at the campfire. It was the happiest day of the year. 

The Earth.

The Earth is a planet which moves around the Sun and gets light from it. It is turning all the time, but we can’t see or feel it.

If you look down at the Earth from a plane, you will see how wonderful our planet is. You will see blue rivers, lakes, seas and oceans. You will see high snowy mountains and hills. You will see forests and fields.

The Sun shines on the Earth, the rain falls on it, the wind blows on it.

There are more water on the Earth than anything else, more water than land, forests and mountains. There is water in the rivers, lakes, seas and oceans. There is water in plants and in air. Nothing can live without water, air and the Sun.

The Earth is the only planet in our Solar System where there is life. In the woods there live different animals and birds. The rivers, lakes and seas are full of big and small sea animals and fish. Wonderful plants, trees and flowers grow on the Earth.

The world around us is wonderful. There are many interesting things in the world to see if you keep your eyes open.

Forest Fires

At the beginning of the 21^st century there were terrible droughts and heat waves. Devastating forest fires claimed human lives and became national disasters.

What are the main causes of forest fires? There are two of them: man-made and natural. Man-made fires are the result of people being careless. Dropped cigarettes, matches, camp fires that are not put out properly, glass bottles and fragments of glass. Did you know that glass can act as a magnifying glass and cause a flame? In fact this is a common cause of fires in Siberia and the Far East, both man-made and natural. The major causes of natural fires are peat bogs and lightning.

How can forest fires be prevented? We should all put out man-made fires. You can extinguish fires with sand and green twigs. If this fails, call the fire brigade. Never try to put out burning peat. The fire is usually underground and it burns whatever is above it. If you try to fight such a fire, you may fall into a burning pit.

Animals in danger

Penguins are killed because of pollution caused by oil from ships and other things.

Mountain gorilla that weighs over 100 kilos and is very strong lives high in the mountains of Uganda. They are killed because their hands are used to make souvenirs. Musk ox from India and Nepal is almost extinct now. Musk oxen are killed because people use their musk when making perfume.

Arabian onyx lives in Arabia and is in danger because of its horns. They are used for ornaments. African elephants are hunted and killed. People do it to take their tusks and make souvenirs from them. There are not many elephants left now.

People in danger

There are more rats than people. Rats like eating our old food. Rats can climb trees and run up walls. They can swim non-stop foe three days. Wild rats are dirty and spread disease that can be very dangerous for people’s health.

In our streets there are a lot of so called “street” dogs. Some of them are not dangerous but the others are. They are very aggressive and can cause a lot of accidents. A child can be frightened because of them and in the best case it can be just a fear of dogs. But sometimes they can even bite to death.

Pollution

Man has been trying to make his life easier for many centuries. In doing so, he invented machines and instruments. They have been working – and polluting the world we live in.

One of the most important pollution problems is the oceans. Many ships sail in the ocean water – fishing ships, some ships carrying people, some carrying oil. If a ship loses some of the oil in the water, or trash from the ships is put into the ocean, the water becomes dirty. Many birds and fish die because of the polluted water.

The second important problem is air pollution. Cars and factories pollute the air we use. It also destroy the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the dangerous light of the Sun.

Another problem is that our forests are dying from acid rain. This, in turn, affects the balance of nature.

If we want our children to live in the same world, we must learn to protect the water, the air and the earth from pollution.

Д/З: подготовить топик - пересказ и мини-проекты на тему «Животные в опасности», «Красная книга».