Виконання вправ на закріплення граматичної теми

Вправа 10. Перекладіть українською.

1. I understand perfectly your wishing to start the work at once.2. The place is worth visiting. 3. Watching football matches may be exciting enough, but of course it is more exciting playing football. 4. Сheck before operating. 5. Who likes changing the bulb? 6. Improper use of appliances leads to a fire. 7. Unobserving of safety measures leads to injury. 8. Nobody likes to get bad marks.

Вправа 11. Розкрийте дужки. Вставте Gerund.

1. He was always ready for (to help) people. 2. He was very glad of (to help) in his difficulty. 3. On (to allow) to leave the room, the children immediately ran out into the yard and began (to play). 4. In (to make) this experiment, they came across some very interesting phenomena. 5. The results of the experiment must be checked and rechecked before (to publish).6. The equipment requires (to repair).

Заняття 40

Тема: Електричні вимірювальні прилади: електричної потужності, опору

Граматичний матеріал: Герундій

Вправа 1. Прочитайте та перекладіть лексику за допомогою словника.

іnstrument [ʹınstrəmənt]

sufficient [səʹfıʃ(ə)nt]

estimate [ʹestımıt]

switchboard [ʹswıtʃbɔ:d]

resemblance [rıʹzembləns]

portable instrument [ʹpɔ:təb(ə)l ʹınstrəmənt]

calibration [͵kælıʹbreıʃ(ə)n]

identical [aıʹdentık(ə)l]

consider [kənʹsıdə]

Вправа 2. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст українською.

Wattmeters

Instruments designed to measure the amount of power passing in a circuit are known as wattmeters.

In the case of D. C. circuits the power taken is the pro­duct of the voltage and the current flowing. Ammeter readings become almost a sufficient indication of the power taken and the installation of wattmeters an unnecessary expense.

Due to a factor which must be taken into account, namely, the power factor or phase relationship between the voltage and current, the power taken by even the simplest two-wire A. C. circuit is not so easily estimated. In some A. C. circuits, then, the installation of a wattmeter is necessary if the po­wer is to be measured.

Common forms of wattmeter, as installed on switchboards or as portable instruments, are of the dirеct-indicating type with pivoted moving elements. Other forms used as standard for calibration and classed as laboratory equipment have a torsion head suspension and are “indirect" reading.

Since their modes of operation are basically the same as certain types of ammeter and voltmeter, it is only to be expect­ed that their individual mechanical and electrical component parts are identical with or bear a close resemblance to those already considered. They will, in general, be restricted by the same errors and disadvantages, and will gain by the same advantages.

Вправа 3. Прочитайте лексику за викладачем.

Instruments, wattmeter, sufficient, indication, installation, switchboard, dirеct-indicating type, calibration, torsion head suspension, voltmeter, electrical component part, identical, close resemblance, be restricted, errors, advantages, disadvantages.

Вправа 4. Перекладіть слова з тексту на українську та запам’ятайте їх.

Namely, due to, since, basically, the same, in general.

Вправа 5. Знайдіть українські еквіваленти серед поданих англійських словосполучень.

Instruments designed to measure the amount of power, two-wire A. C. circuit, ammeter readings, the installation of wattmeters, due to a factor, common forms, installed on switchboards, as portable instruments, electrical component parts, bear a close resemblance.

встановлені на розподільних щитах; показання амперметра; установка ватметрів; прилади, призначені для вимірювання кількості електроенергії; дводротний ланцюг змінного струму; електричні комплектуючі; загальні форми; як портативні прилади; мати сильну схожість; завдяки фактору.

Вправа 6 . Прочитайте швидко.

the amount of power, the product of the voltage and current, a sufficient indication of the power taken, must be taken into account, by even the simplest circuit, installed on switch-boards, the instal­lation of wattmeter, direct-indicating type, their modes of operation.

Вправа 7. Додайте афікси для утворення нових слів і перекладіть їх на українську.

Advantage, sufficient, to estimate, to install, power, use, to ex­pend.

Вправа 8. Утворіть іменники з наступних дієслів і перекладіть їх.

To produce, to relate, to estimate, to suspend, to resemble, to expend.

Вправа 9. Дайте відповіді на питання до тексту.

1. What is the power taken in a D. C. circuit?

2. What is the indi­cation of the power taken?

3. Is it easily estimated?

4. What types of wattmeters are used?

5. Are their modes of operation different from those of ammeters and voltmeters?

Вправа 10. Прочитайте та зробіть переклад тексту на українську.

Resistance Measurement

The choice of a suitable method of measuring resistance will depend on several different factors, some of the more important being as follows. The range of resistance to be mea­sured, that is, whether low (less than 1 ohm), medium, or high (100,000 ohms and above). The required accuracy of the measurement, greater, say, than 1 per cent, or not, and the ease with which it can be made. Whether the measurements are to be made with the item tested under its normal working conditions or away from these. This latter point can be rather important when we consider that the resistance of conducting materials increases with temperature, and hence with the amount of current flowing through them, whereas the resistan­ce of insulating materials decreases with temperature rise, as well as with the absorption of moisture, where these are hygroscopic.

In any particular case the choice of method will be limited to one or two, depending on the equipment available. The various methods can be divided into two classes, laboratory, and workshop methods. This division again depends on the accuracy with which the measurement is to be made, as the same basic principles are used in many cases. “Laboratory test measurements” generally infers that the greatest preci­sion is obtained with a given method. On the other hand “workshop measurements” infers modifications to a method to give greater ease of manipulation, with direct reading if possible, and less emphasis on the accuracy obtained, pro­vided that it is within useful limits.

Вправа 11. Прочитайте швидко словосполучення та перекладіть їх без словника.

A suitable method, the required accuracy, normal working condi­tions, the method can be divided, can be rather important, increases with temperature, the amount of current flowing, the resistance of insulating materials, the absorption of moisture, with a given method, with direct reading.

Вправа 12. Складіть план тексту та перекажіть його згідно свого плану.

Граматичний матеріал: Герундій

Герундій вживається з деякими дієсловами: Thank you for coming - Дякую за те, що прийшли. I am fond of reading- Я захоплююсь читанням. Avoid touching the surface- Уникайте дотиків до поверхні. We finished writing a report- Ми закінчили писати звіт. Go on (continue, keep on) reading- Продовжуйте читати. He gave up smoking - Він кинув палити. I cannot help laughing- Не можу стримати сміху I enjoy (like) reading books- Мені подобається читати книги. Forgive (excuse, sorry for) my being late - Вибачте за моє запізнення. Put off (postpone) reading for tomorrow - Відкладіть читання на завтра. Do you mind going to the shop? - Ви не проти піти в магазин? I don’t mind working alone- Я не проти працювати наодинці. The house wants (needs, requires) repairing - Будинок потребує ремонту. I started (began) playing tennis when I was 6 - Я почав грати в теніс у 6 років. I remember going to the forest- Пам’ятаю походи до лісу. He insisted on telling the truth - Він наполягав на тому, щоб розказати правду. She objected to visiting them - Вона заперечувала проти відвідування їх. I agreed to helping them- Я погодився допомогти їм. We thought of traveling toEgypt - Ми думали про подорож до Єгипту. I look forward to hearing from you- Я з нетерпінням чекаю почути щось від вас. They dream of winning a prize - Вони мріють виграти приз. I am proud of being a teacher- Я гордий з того, що є вчителем. I am surprised at his playing well - Я здивований його гарною грою. It depends on his coming on time - Це залежить від його вчасного приходу. He is busy with doing the project - Він зайнятий роботою над проектом. This film is worth watching - Фільм варто подивитися. You can take a taxi instead of waiting for a bus – Можеш взяти таксі замість очікування на автобус. She left home without locking the door - Вона залишила дім, не замкнувши дверi. I prefer traveling by car - Я надаю перевагу подорожам на авто.