Words to remember:

appropriate – відповідний

apprehend smb – затримувати, арештовувати

arrest warrant – ордер на арешт

ad valorem tariff – адвалерне мито (розраховується відповідно до вартості вантажу)

accord – відповідати, согласовувати

bar – перешкоджати, заважати

be liable to – підлягати

be impelled – бути вимушеним

be deemed dangerous – вважатися небезпечним

be entitled to – мати право

commodity code – код (шифр) товару

compliance with – відповідність до

comparative advantage – порівняльна перевага

enforcement of legislation – здійснювати правопорядок

exemption – виключення

endangered – той, що знаходиться під загрозою зникнення

fiscal - податковий

hazardous – небезпечний

impede – перешкоджати

impose – обкладати, syn. levy

interference – втручання

illicit traffic – заборонена торгівля

negligible - замалий

personal effects – власні речі

prosecution - переслідування

preferential duty – преференційне (пільгове) мито

prohibit – забороняти

procurement – придбання, закупівля

prior offence – раніше скоєний злочин

protective duty – протекційне мито

predecessor - попередник

risk management technique – техніка управління ризиками

restrict - обмежувати

restrain – стримувати

simultaneously – одночасно

set aside – відкидати, не приділяти уваги

shield smth from – захищати від

smuggled items – контрабандні речі, smuggler – контрабандист

special-interest pleading – захист особливих інтересів

tend to smth – мати тенденцію до

trace back – відстежити

value-added tax – податок на додану вартість

verify – перевіряти, підтверджувати

windfall – неочікуваний прибуток

Exercise 1 a) Form the appropriate nouns for the following verbs. Make sure that you know their translation.

Enforce, protect, comply, apply, minimize, verify, apprehend, impede, tend, envisage.

b) Now complete the sentences with the words from a).

1. Justice in Rio is normally so slow that the effect on law ….. is almost negligible. 2. Private companies should not rely on financial ….. from the government. 3. We are a small company, and we need to ….. if we want to compete in this market. 4. The possible ….. of this invention are limitless. 5. Failure to ….. with the regulations will result in prosecution. 6. The businessman should be better able to take care of himself in the transaction, and therefore should require little ….. . 7. A spokesman for the airline said that much of the cost ….. was caused by tightening of security. 8. The city is working on plans to ….. traffic problems.

Exercise 2 a) Read and translate the text.

Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting tariffs and for controlling the flow of goods, including animals, transports, personal effects, and hazardous items, into and out of a country. The movement of people into and out of a country is monitored by immigration authorities who check for appropriate documentation, verify that a person is entitled to enter the country, apprehend people wanted by domestic or international arrest warrants, and impede the entry of people deemed dangerous to the country.

Each country has its own laws and regulations for the import and export of goods. Customs are involved in the implementation and enforcement of legislation relating to external trade, collection of customs duties, implementation of commercial policy measures, provision of security, environmental, anti-dumping, consumer protection, cultural and agricultural controls.

The most important control areas in which customs authorities have a control responsibility are:

- nature and the amounts of duties applicable according to commodity code, origin and customs value of goods;

- commercial policy measures and commercial traffic;

- security, safety and public health requirements;

- compliance with environmental legislation;

- compliance with Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) rules;

- compliance with veterinary, phyto-sanitary, health and quality regulations.

Customs must apply a wide variety of controls in the fast moving goods environment of today which means that customs controls must be quick, effective and based on modern risk management techniques.

Previously, Customs controls tended to focus on the fiscal aspects of customs work but in recent years there has been an increasing emphasis on the importance of customs controls for purposes such as security, safety, protection of the environment.

Nowadays effective security control requires a different approach which involves risk management system, full use of modern technology, close co-operation with business, particularly when it comes to exchange of information, avoiding unnecessary delays or costs arising from the implementation of controls. Customs are also involved, under their national responsibilities, with many activities relating to the fight against illicit traffic in drugs, pornography and organized crime as well as supporting the work of other services (police, immigration etc.). Customs generally perform community or national duties simultaneously.

b) Answer the questions on the text.

1. What body controls the flow of good into and out of the country? 2. What is the major responsibility of immigration authorities? 3. Which way the flow of goods is controlled? 4. Explain the difference between ‘importation’ and ‘exportation’. 5. What functions of Customs are of primarily importance nowadays (name some of them)? 6. What is the role of IT technologies and why? 7. Do you agree that the most important area of customs work nowadays is fiscal activity? 8. Why do you think it is important for the customs to work in collaboration with police and immigration authorities?

Exercise 3 a) Read a job description for the customs officer provided on the website TARGETjobs and complete the sentences with the words from the box. Translate it.

dealing, writing, making, collecting, checking, identifying, undertaking, fighting

Customs officers are responsible for helping to prevent the importation of illegal and/or dangerous goods including firearms, drugs, alcohol, tobacco and endangered animals into the UK.

Customs officers are employed by HM* Revenue & Customs and work in UK ports and airports. Typical responsibilities of the job include:

- … people to question on the basis of prior offences/likely risk etc

- searching baggage and individuals for smuggled items

- ….. arrests of people suspected of smuggling

- seizing smuggled goods

- ….. documentation relating to imported goods

- ….. physical examinations of freight

- detecting and prosecuting drug smugglers

- ….. and supplying trade statistics

- ….. reports

- ….. the increasing problem of alcohol and tobacco smuggling

- helping to combat the worldwide illegal trade in endangered species of animals and birds

- ..... with revenue due on imported goods

Customs officers can work in noisy, dirty or dangerous conditions, and they enforce legislation.

Qualifications and training required: the minimum academic requirement for entry into the profession is two GCSEs** or the equivalent. Graduates with an honours degree in any subject (2.2 or higher) can apply through the fast-track graduate scheme, details of which are available from the HM Revenue & Customs website.

Experience of and/or a qualification in legal studies or European/non-European languages may be beneficial. A relevant postgraduate qualification and/or work experience may be required for some positions.

Key skills for customs officers: all candidates should be UK nationals and free from certain criminal convictions. Customs officers need to be calm, assertive and resilient, and must possess excellent communication, teamworking and interpersonal skills.

*HM – Her Majesty

**GCSE – General Certificate of Secondary Education

b) Compose a cover letter which can be written by a potential candidate.

Exercise 4 Read and translate the text.