5. Литература

1. Бахтизин В.В., Глухова Л.А. Стандартизация и сертификация программного обеспечения: Учеб. пособие. – Мн.: БГУИР, 2006.

2. Глухова Л.А. Электронный учебно-методический комплекс «Метрология, стандартизация и сертификация в информатике и радиоэлектронике» для студентов специальности I-40 01 01 Программное обеспечение информационных технологий: Учеб. пособие. – Мн.: БГУИР, 2009.

3. Изосимов А.В., Рыжко А.Л. Метрическая оценка качества программ. – М.: МАИ, 1989.

Приложение А. Исходный код главного модуля программы

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Data;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Text;

using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.IO;

namespace Metrics

{

public partial class PLLM : Form

{

string s,filename;

string[] f1 = new string[20];

string[] f2 = new string[30];

string[] f3 = new string[79];

string[] f4 = new string[92];

string[] OpUsedInNativeFuncs = new string[1000];

string[] blocks = new string[6] { "program", "uses", "const", "var", "type", "label"};

string[] DT = new string[17] { "shortint","integer","longint","byte","word","real","single","double","extended","comp","char","boolean","string","array","record","set","of" };

string[] ReservedWords = new string[8] {"until","array","begin","do","downto","then","end","to" };

char[] Arithm = new char[4] { '-', '/', '+', '*'};

string[] LoadedCode = new string[1000];

string[] dictOperator = new string[10000]; //unique operators

string[] dictOperand = new string[10000]; //unique operands

int[] numOperator = new int[10000]; //number of operators

int[] numOperand = new int[10000];//number of operands

double[] DBCoefficients = new double[500];

//int[,] blocks = new int[7, 2];//Blocks entrance and quit (0-program,1-uses,2-label,3-type,4-const,5-var,6-begin..end.)

int codelen,curpos,posnat=0;

int eta1 = 0, eta2 = 0, n1 = 0, n2 = 0, etaR = 0;

int numstr,begin_end=0;

double V, Lambda, Vr,CurPLL;

bool comment=false,literal=false,param=false,uses_program=false,procedure_function=false;

FileInfo SrcFile,DBFile;

StreamReader /*fdes,*/DBStream;

public PLLM()

{

InitializeComponent();

}

private void CleanData()

{

int i;

for (i = 0; i <= 999; i++)

{

numOperand[i] = 0;

OpUsedInNativeFuncs[i] = "";

numOperator[i] = 0;

dictOperand[i] = "";

dictOperator[i] = "";

}

}

private string[] LoadExisting(string pathname,int len)

{

//crt 20,dos 33, graph 79,system 92

string tmps;

string[] u = new string[100];

FileInfo URF;

StreamReader URF_1;

int i;

URF = new FileInfo(pathname);

URF_1 = URF.OpenText();

for (i = 0; i <= len-1; i++)

{

tmps = URF_1.ReadLine();

tmps = tmps.ToLower();

u[i] = tmps;

}

URF_1.Close();

return (string[])u.Clone();

}

private void ParseString(string str)

{

int i, j,pos=0;

bool IDFound, exists;

string ts="";

char tc=' ',prev=' ';

char[] codestr=new char[128];

char[] newID = new char[100];

codestr=str.ToCharArray();

IDFound = false;

for (i = 0; i <= str.Length; i++)

{

prev = tc;

if (i==str.Length) tc=' ';

else

tc = codestr[i];

if (Convert.ToInt32(tc) == 39)

literal = !(literal);

if (Convert.ToInt32(prev) == 123) comment = true;

if (Convert.ToInt32(prev) == 125) comment = false;

if ((!literal) && (!comment))

{

if (Char.IsLetterOrDigit(tc))

{

if ((!(Char.IsLetter(prev))) && (!(Char.IsNumber(prev))) && (Char.IsLetter(tc)))

{

if (Convert.ToInt16(prev) != 39)

IDFound = true;

for (j = 0; j <= 99; j++)

newID[j] = ' ';

pos = 0;

newID[pos] = tc;

}

else

{

pos++;

newID[pos] = tc;

}

}

else

{

if ((Char.IsLetterOrDigit(prev)) && IDFound)

{

IDFound = false;

ts = new string(newID);

ts = ts.Trim();

exists = false;

for (j = 0; j <= curpos - 1; j++)

if (ts == dictOperand[j])

{

exists = true;

numOperand[j]++;

}

if (((!exists)&&(!uses_program))||(procedure_function))

{

dictOperand[curpos] = ts;

numOperand[curpos] = 1;

curpos++;

}

if ((ts == "uses") || (ts == "program"))

uses_program = true;

if ((ts == "procedure") || (ts == "function"))

{

procedure_function = true;

begin_end = 0;

}

if ((ts=="begin")||(ts == "case"))

begin_end++;

if (ts == "end")

{

begin_end--;

if (begin_end==0)

procedure_function = false;

}

if (param)

{

bool q = false;

for (int l = 0; l <= posnat-1; l++)

if (OpUsedInNativeFuncs[l] == ts)

q = true;

if (!q)

{

etaR++;

posnat++;

OpUsedInNativeFuncs[posnat - 1] = ts;

}

}

}

switch (tc)

{

case ';':

{

numOperator[0]++;

if (uses_program)

uses_program = false;

}

break;

case '-':

numOperator[3]++;

break;

case '+':

numOperator[4]++;

break;

case '*':

numOperator[5]++;

break;

case '/':

numOperator[6]++;

break;

case '=':

{

if (prev == ':')

numOperator[1]++;

else

numOperator[2]++;

break;

}

case '\'':

numOperator[7]++;

break;

case ',':

numOperator[8]++;

break;

case '(':

numOperator[9]++;

if (NativeChk(ts))

param = true;

break;

case ')':

param = false;

break;

default:

break;

}

}

}

}

}

private void openSourceCodeToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

openSourceCode();

}

private void openSourceCode()

{

int i;

CleanData();

for (i = 0; i <= 999; i++)

LoadedCode[i] = "";

if (openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK)

{

richTextBox1.LoadFile(openFileDialog1.FileName, RichTextBoxStreamType.PlainText);

SrcFile = new FileInfo(openFileDialog1.FileName);

analyzeToolStripMenuItem.Enabled = true;

closeSourceCodeToolStripMenuItem.Enabled = true;

saveToolStripButton.Enabled = true;

toolStripButton1.Enabled = true;

copyToolStripButton.Enabled = true;

toolStripButton2.Enabled = true;

//fdes = SrcFile.OpenText();

/*

codelen = 0;

s = fdes.ReadLine();

while (s != null)

{

s = s.ToLower();

s = s.Trim();

LoadedCode[codelen] = s;

s = fdes.ReadLine();

codelen++;

}

codelen--;*/

}

this.Text = "Programming Language Level Metrics" + " - [" + openFileDialog1.FileName + "]";

}

private void LoadSC()

{

codelen = 0;

s = richTextBox1.Lines[codelen];

while (codelen<=richTextBox1.Lines.Length-1)

{

s = s.ToLower();

s = s.Trim();

LoadedCode[codelen] = s;

s = richTextBox1.Lines[codelen];

codelen++;

}

codelen--;

}

private void Analyze()

{

int i,j,cpos;

eta1 = 0; eta2 = 0; n1 = 0; n2 = 0; etaR = 0;

bool endIdent = false, isRes = false;

//char[] liq = new char[7] { ' ', ';', '.', ':', '!', '?', '\n' };

CleanData();

LoadSC();

curpos = 0;

comment = false; literal = false; param = false; uses_program = false; procedure_function = false;

dictOperator[0] = ";";

dictOperator[1] = ":=";

dictOperator[2] = "=";

dictOperator[3] = "-";

dictOperator[4] = "+";

dictOperator[5] = "*";

dictOperator[6] = "/";

dictOperator[7] = "'";

dictOperator[8] = ",";

dictOperator[9] = "(";

for (i = 0; i <= codelen; i++)

{

ParseString(LoadedCode[i]);

}

for (i = 0; i <= curpos; i++)

{

isRes = false;

for (j = 0; j <= 5; j++)

if (dictOperand[i] == blocks[j])

isRes = true;

for (j = 0; j <= 16; j++)

if (dictOperand[i] == DT[j])

isRes = true;

for (j = 0; j <= 7; j++)

if (dictOperand[i] == ReservedWords[j])

isRes = true;

if (isRes)

numOperand[i] = 0;

}

cpos = 10;

for (i = 0; i <= curpos - 1; i++)

{

//MessageBox.Show(dictOperand[i]+';'+Convert.ToString(numOperand[i]));

if (dictOperand[i] == "begin")

{

endIdent = true;

}

if (endIdent)

{

dictOperator[cpos] = dictOperand[i];

numOperator[cpos] = numOperand[i];

numOperand[i] = 0;

dictOperand[i] = "";

cpos++;

}

}

numOperator[0]--;

for (i = 0; i <= curpos - 1; i++)

if ((!String.IsNullOrEmpty(dictOperand[i]))&&(numOperand[i]!=0))

{

eta2++;

n2+=numOperand[i];

}

for (i = 0; i <= cpos - 1; i++)

if ((!String.IsNullOrEmpty(dictOperator[i])) && (numOperator[i] != 0))

{

eta1++;

n1 += numOperator[i];

}

eta2 += numOperator[7];

n2 += numOperator[7];

Vr = VNCalculate();

V = (n1+n2) * Math.Log((eta1 + eta2), 2);

//Lambda = L * L * V;

Lambda = Vr * Vr / V;

MessageBox.Show("PLL equals "+Convert.ToString(Lambda));

}

private double VNCalculate()

{

int etatmp = 0,i,j;

for (j = 0;j<=999;j++)

{

for (i = 0; i <= 19; i++)

if (dictOperator[j] == f1[i])

etatmp++;

for (i = 0; i <= 32; i++)

if (dictOperator[j] == f2[i])

etatmp++;

for (i = 0; i <= 78; i++)

if (dictOperator[j] == f3[i])

etatmp++;

for (i = 0; i <= 91; i++)

if (dictOperator[j] == f4[i])

etatmp++;

}

return etatmp * (Math.Log(etatmp, 2));

}

private bool NativeChk(string s)

{

int i;

bool c = false;

for (i = 0; i <= 19; i++)

if (s == f1[i])

c = true;

for (i = 0; i <= 32; i++)

if (s == f2[i])

c = true;

for (i = 0; i <= 78; i++)

if (s == f3[i])

c = true;

for (i = 0; i <= 91; i++)

if (s == f4[i])

c = true;

return c;

}

private void CloseSC()

{

CleanData();

richTextBox1.Clear();

closeSourceCodeToolStripMenuItem.Enabled = false;

analyzeToolStripMenuItem.Enabled = false;

saveToolStripButton.Enabled = false;

toolStripButton1.Enabled = false;

copyToolStripButton.Enabled = false;

toolStripButton2.Enabled = false;

this.Text = "Programming Language Level Metrics";

}

private void closeSourceCodeToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

CloseSC();

}

private void OpenDB()

{

string s1;

int pos;

if (openFileDialog2.ShowDialog() == System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK)

{

DBFile = new FileInfo(openFileDialog2.FileName);

filename = openFileDialog2.FileName;

closeDatabaseToolStripMenuItem.Enabled = true;

pasteToolStripButton.Enabled = true;

toolStripButton3.Enabled = true;

DBStream = DBFile.OpenText();

s1 = DBStream.ReadLine();

numstr = Convert.ToInt16(s1.Substring(11, s1.Length - 11));

s1 = DBStream.ReadLine();

CurPLL = Convert.ToDouble(s1.Substring(4, s1.Length - 4));

MessageBox.Show("Уровень языка программирования равен " + Convert.ToString(CurPLL));

s1 = DBStream.ReadLine();

pos = 0;

while (s1 != null)

{

DBCoefficients[pos] = Convert.ToDouble(s1);

s1 = DBStream.ReadLine();

pos++;

}

DBStream.Close();

addToDatabaseToolStripMenuItem.Enabled = true;

}

this.Text = "Programming Language Level Metrics" + " - [" + openFileDialog1.FileName + "], Database: [" + openFileDialog2.FileName + "]";

}

private void openResultDatabaseToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

OpenDB();

}

private void AddToDB()

{

double avg;

StreamWriter SW = File.CreateText(filename);

DBCoefficients[numstr] = Lambda;

numstr++;

SW.WriteLine("totallines=" + Convert.ToString(numstr));

avg = 0;

for (int i = 0; i <= numstr - 1; i++)

avg += DBCoefficients[i];

avg /= numstr;

SW.WriteLine("PLL=" + Convert.ToString(avg));

for (int i = 0; i <= numstr - 1; i++)

{

SW.WriteLine(Convert.ToString(DBCoefficients[i]));

}

SW.Close();

MessageBox.Show("Средний уровень языка программирования равен " + Convert.ToString(avg));

}

private void addToDatabaseToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

AddToDB();

}

private void CreateDB()

{

if (saveFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK)

{

DBFile = new FileInfo(saveFileDialog1.FileName);

filename = saveFileDialog1.FileName;

closeDatabaseToolStripMenuItem.Enabled = true;

addToDatabaseToolStripMenuItem.Enabled = true;

toolStripButton3.Enabled = true;

pasteToolStripButton.Enabled = true;

this.Text = "Programming Language Level Metrics" + " - [" + openFileDialog1.FileName + "], Database: [" + openFileDialog2.FileName + "]";

}

}

private void createDatabase_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

CreateDB();

}

private void closeDatabaseToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

addToDatabaseToolStripMenuItem.Enabled = false;

closeDatabaseToolStripMenuItem.Enabled = false;

toolStripButton3.Enabled =false;

pasteToolStripButton.Enabled = false;

this.Text = "Programming Language Level Metrics" + " - [" + openFileDialog1.FileName + "]";

}

private void exitToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

Application.Exit();

}

private void aboutToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

About aboutDialog = new About();

aboutDialog.ShowDialog();

}

private void metricsHelpToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

Help helpDialog = new Help();

helpDialog.ShowDialog();

}

private void analyzeToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

Analyze();

}

private void toolStripButton1_Click_1(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

Analyze();

}

private void openToolStripButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

openSourceCode();

}

private void saveToolStripButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

CloseSC();

}

private void copyToolStripButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

CreateDB();

}

private void toolStripButton2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

OpenDB();

}

private void toolStripButton3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

AddToDB();

}

private void pasteToolStripButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

addToDatabaseToolStripMenuItem.Enabled = false;

closeDatabaseToolStripMenuItem.Enabled = false;

toolStripButton3.Enabled = false;

pasteToolStripButton.Enabled = false;

this.Text = "Programming Language Level Metrics" + " - [" + openFileDialog1.FileName + "]";

}

private void helpToolStripButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

Help helpDialog = new Help();

helpDialog.ShowDialog();

}

private void PLLM_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

if (File.Exists("crt.urf"))

{

f1 = LoadExisting("crt.urf", 20);

f2 = LoadExisting("dos.urf", 33);

f3 = LoadExisting("graph.urf", 79);

f4 = LoadExisting("system.urf", 92);

}

else

{

MessageBox.Show("Нет файлов.");

this.Close();

}

}

private void formulasToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

Formula frm = new Formula();

frm.ShowDialog();

}

}

}

Приложение Б. Пример кода, проанализированного данным ПС.

program bacteries01;

var

i,g,r,n,k:longint;

begin

Writeln('Insert the quantity of red bacteries');

Readln(n);

Writeln('Insert the number of time tacts');

Readln(k);

r:=n;

g:=0;

i:=1;

repeat

g:=g+r;

r:=g-r;

i:=i+1;

until i>k;

Writeln(k,' tacts; ',g,' green bacteries; ',r,' red bacteries.');

end.

{

операнды

i 5

g 6

r 6

n 3

k 4

literal 5

всего 10 операндов, сумма 29

операторы

; 14

:= 6

- 1

+ 2

' ' 5

, 9

() 5

writeln 3

readln 2

repeat..until 1

всего 10 операторов, сумма 48

n*=11 (2 имплиментарных функции - readln, writeln с 9 параметрами - n,k,g,r+5 литералов)

v*=11log(2)11 = 38.054

v=(29+48)log(2)(10+10)=77log(2)20 = 332.788

PLL = (v*)^2/v=4.351

}

Приложение В. Пример базы данных статистики вычислений уровня языка программирования.

totallines=22

PLL=2,16937514598311

3,04556502192603

1,46357964910235

1,49592272289484

1,150768440858

2,91497902406523

1,150768440858

0,428559002805344

0,4038946805358

0,0199243335732832

0,131666098623164

2,73952167239007

1,29801455576374

0,0384208203878047

2,69763038935442

1,07754872480515

0,294577574811578

0,409763417168128

0,431201000129267

17,270122715265

5,52175535835755

0,347407172168881

3,39466239578476