8. The Sentence. Classification of the sentences.
Bloomfield: a sentence is an independent linguistic form not included by virtue of any grammatical construction into any larger form.
Robert Lees: a sentence is a stream or a sequence of linguistic forms or of one linguistic forms which has a different grammatical structure, a definite intonation contrea and is able to convey complete communication.
Blokh: a sentence is the immediate integral unite of speech build up of words according to a definite syntactic form and distinguished by a contextually relevant communicative purpose.
The most important property to a sentence: - Predication
- Modality
- Certain structure
- Intonation
The problem of one-member sentence.
The type included into one-member fall into different variants: which ones are and which once are elliptical.
One-member sentence proper:
nominal sentence (winter) sunny day
imperative sentence
infinitive sentence: to merry a second time and without family
why-sentences: why do this?
Contextual (elliptic)
I am looking for the dog
Dog? What dog? (What dog are you looking for?)
One more type of English sentence (stage remarks)
Desdemona in bed, asleep. A light burning.
The special type was investigated by ….
She called it “participle type”
Should London at 11 p. m. Torrance of heavy rain. Cab whistles blanking frantically.
Whether Imperative and Exclamatory sentences must be reflected to this classification.
Is Imperative sentence a special type or mood?
Traditionally exclamatory sentence refer to one type of sentence. Exclamatory sentence do have a special way is expressing them
Example: The girl is beautiful. What a beautiful girl! How beautiful the girl is!
Arguments against
Pr. Blokh states the fact that it’s not reasonable to refer exclamatory sentence to the same group with declarative, interrogative because they express emotions: every sentence from the previous 3 may become exclamatory and we pronounce it in a certain way.
Declarative: Nothing shell happen to you
Exclamatory: Nothing shell happen to you!
Interrogative: What is that?
Exclamatory: What is that!
Imperative: Wit till I come
Exclamatory: Wait till I come!
Sentence
One – member two – member
Extended unextended extended complete incomplete unextended
(elliptical)
9. English morphemic
English morphemic on short
The system of morphemes is used for these of that part of speech. English is not analytical language its morphemic is very short.
Examples: The paradigm of the English nouns, nouns: a boy - boys - boy’s – boys`
Common(zero morpheme) morpheme the morpheme the morpheme`
S `s
Some noun as we know retain (kept) the original plural forms, coming form Greek or Latin
Example: Datum –data, basis – bases, prisis – prisis, cactas – cactai, narssisus – narssisai
Replacive morphemes.
About allomorphs we find [s], [s], [z], [iz]
Replacive morphemes: mouse – mice, goose – gees, (oo - ee)
The form boys – boys` - homonymous
The verb morphemes: the paradigm of the verbs: in the Present, will include the third person singular with ending.
Allomorphs: [s], [z], [iz] the morphemes of the past tense: d, t ,ed
Adjective morphemes: two suffixes: degree of quality: nice – nicer, cold – colder
Suppletive form: good – bette – best
Special forms for indefinite pronouns: smb`s, nobody’s