Приложение к контрольной работе № 4 Направление «Юриспруденция»

LAW IN RUSSIA

Law is a system of rules and regulations established by the state to consolidate and safeguard the social and state system as well as its economic foundation. One important distinction made in all countries is between private and civil law and public law. Civil law concerns disputes between citizens within a country, and public law concerns disputes between citizens and the state, or between one state and another.

The system of law in our country consists of different categories of law. Constitutional law is a leading category of the whole system of law. Its principal source is the country’s Constitution. It deals with social structure, system of government, organization of state power and the legal status of citizens.

Administrative law is closely connected with constitutional law, but it deals with the legal forms of concrete executive and administrative activities of both governments and ministries.

Criminal law defines the general principles of criminal liability, individual types of crimes and punishment applied to criminals. Crimes are wrongs which, even when committed against an individual are considered to harm the welfare of society in general. Criminal law takes the form of a criminal code.

International law regulates the budget, taxation, state credit and other spheres of financial activities.

Civil law deals with economic and commercial practices, with practices involving property, its distribution and exchange. The ownership of property is the central institution of civil law. The rules of labor law include legislation on the employment of industrial and office workers and regulate matters arising from labor relation.

Answer the following questions.

1. What is the role of law in a state?

2. What is Civil law?

3. What does the system of law in our country consist of?

4. What is the principle source of Constitutional law?

5. What does Administrative law deal with?

6. What does International law regulate?

Приложение к контрольной работе № 4 Направление «Туризм»

BUSINESS TOURISM

Business tourism is a travel for business purposes. Business travelers are businessmen and government officials. They travel on different missions. They often travel to attend a convention. Convention tourism is a part of business tourism. It involves taking part in a conference or a seminar.

Business travelers often travel to attend an international exhibition or a trade fair. There are tourist companies that provide business services. Those are fax, telex and telephone communications, secretarial services, answering service, business meeting arrangements. There are business facilities for business travelers at hotels, airports, on airplanes.

Incentive tourism means that a business company offers holiday tours to its employees and covers all travel expenses. On the one hand, the company does it as a reward or a bonus to a person for his successful work. On the other hand, the company does it as an incentive for the future. The company hopes that the employee will work even better in future and bring profit to the company. Very often an employer sets a target for an employee: "You will earn a holiday in France for your family if you exceed your quota by 10 per cent next year.“ Incentive tourism emerged in the 1960s in the USA. Later on it spread in Europe. But only large progressive corporations offer incentive tours to their employees.

In some countries there are specialist tourist companies which arrange incentive tours for business corporations. They take great responsibility because incentive tours go under the name of the business corporation. It means that good travel arrangements will improve its reputation. Bad travel arrangements will shake its reputation.

This type of tourism is still a very small part of international tourism. Most probably this type of tourism won't grow in future.

Answer the following questions.

1. What is business tourism?

2. What measures do business tourists attend?

3. What business services do tourist companies provide?

4. What does “incentive tourism” mean?

5. When and where did incentive tourism emerge?