Приложение к контрольной работе № 3 Направление «Юриспруденция»

LAW AND JUSTICE

One of the aims of any government is to provide justice. "Justice" is a difficult concept, because everyone has a different idea of it. A broad idea of justice is the fair and moral treatment of people. There is a strong belief that there are "rules of justice" - rules that build on moral principles. These rules dictate that if we behave morally, there will be a reward, and if we are bad, there will be punish. These principles, known as morality, are quite subjective. They depend on many factors, such as traditions, culture, education, religion, etc. Nevertheless, we all agree on the basic moral values.

Another meaning of justice is "justice according to law". It involves a legal system which deals with crime. Unlike moral rules, laws are compulsory for everyone. Under such a system, crimes are against the state, and only the state has the right to administer justice. On behalf of the society it judges and punishes people who break the law.

The relationship between morality and law has always been important. On the one hand, laws must be just. On the other hand, morality needs laws to uphold rights and punish wrongs. Obviously, the law and morality support one another.

What if laws are unjust? What if we think that the administration of the law is unfair? We don't always agree with the laws we live by. In fact, we don't always know laws. However, we must live by these laws. If we feel that a law is unfair, we have the right to appeal against it or work to change it. We do not have the right to break it.

Answer the following questions.

1. What is “justice”?

2. What factors do “rules of justice” depend on?

3. Are laws compulsory for everyone?

4. When are people punished by the state?

5. What should we do if we fell that a law is unfair?

Контрольная работа № 3. Вариант 2.

Задание 1. Раскройте скобки, употребив время Past Simple или Present Perfect.

1. When they (to send) a new catalogue? – We just (to receive) it.

2. Two days ago our manager (to go) to the exhibition of the new equipment.

3. At last our partners (to agree) the terms of payment.

4. After the talks they (to leave) the main office.

5. The secretary (not to send) the facts yet.

Задание 2. Раскройте скобки, употребив время Past Simple или Past Perfect.

1. Our accountant (to finish) the annual report yesterday.

2. When he (to enter) the room, they already (to discuss) all the items of the contract.

3. By 6 o’clock yesterday the partners (to sign) the agreement.

4. What documents you (to prepare) before you (to begin) the talks?

5. Not long ago I (to work) for the company Tetra Pak.

Задание 3. Раскройте скобки, употребив время Future Simple или Future Perfect.

1. They (to conclude) a new contract by the end of the year.

2. Soon he (to go) on business to Germany.

3. Our secretary (not to type) all the letters by 2 o’clock.

4. Tomorrow I (to meet) our partners at the airport.

5. You (to take) part in the talks in January?

Задание 4. Раскройте скобки, употребив все изученные времена действительного залога (ActiveVoice).

1. After we (to sign) the agreement, we (to leave) the office.

2. For some years my friend (to work) for this company and at last he (to get) a well-paid job.

3. Your duties (to include) work with customers?

4. At the moment the partners (to discuss) the terms of delivery?

5. The secretary (not to work) with the letters at this time tomorrow.

Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, употребив все изученные времена страдательного залога (PassiveVoice, группа Simple).

1. The display of goods (to hold) in the next showroom in two hours.

2. Well-paid jobs (not to offer) to the graduates of higher school as a rule.

3. Some catalogues (to send) to us by this mail order company last month.

4. Discounts (to give) to customers before Christmas?

5. Consumer goods (to sell) at this shopping centre at the second floor.

Задание 6. Измените предложение из действительного залога в страдательный (группа Simple).

1. The director signs the documents in the morning.

2. The company offered him a new post.

3. Did the producer agree the terms of delivery?

4. This company doesn’t deal with sophisticated machinery.

5. We will send you our samples next week.

Задание 7. Измените предложение из действительного залога в страдательный (все изученные времена).

1. By 12 o’clock they had loaded the trucks.

2. I’ll send you fax tomorrow.

3. Our company has recently concluded two contracts.

4. The partners are not discussing the terms of payment at the moment.

5. Did anybody display goods at this showroom before?

Задание 8. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык, употребив сказуемое в нужной форме (все изученные времена в действительном и страдательном залоге).

1. В прошлом году они не заключали выгодных контрактов.

2. Письма будут напечатаны к 5 часам?

3. Во время проведения выставки показывали много новых товаров.

4. Все пункты контракта тщательно проверяются нашими специалистами.

5. За последнее время наша компания продвинулась на мировом рынке.

Задание 9. Перестройте утвердительные предложения из прямой речи в косвенную.

1. He said: «We should take into account that the goods cannot be delivered by air».

2. The seller said: «Don’t worry about the terms of payment».

3. The manager said: «Our company tries to cooperate with companies in your country».

4. The boss said: «We guarantee you high quality».

5. They informed us: «The documents have just been signed».

Задание 10. Перестройте вопросительные предложения из прямой речи в косвенную.

1. He asked: «How much money have you earned this month?»

2. The guest asked: «Where does your friend work?»

3. The partner asked: «Have you ever cooperated with German companies?»

4. The boss asked the secretary: «What are the guests doing now?»

5. They wanted to know: «When will the contract be concluded?»

Задание 11. Прочитайте и переведите текст по соответствующему направлению подготовки (см. Приложение к контрольной работе № 3).