Focus on Grammar

8. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Rewrite them using the verb in brackets and:

a) the Complex Object

Example. The law requires that employer and employee both act in good faith towards each other. (encourage) – The law encourages both employer and employee to act in good faith towards each other.

1. We will not order that the employer provide an indoor smoking area. (expect)

2. The employment standards officer has made sure that the employer pay (within a specified period) damages to the employees. (observe)

3. The letter of suspension should not give instructions that the employee stay at his place of residence during working. (order)

4. The manager should insist that the employee follow up with action plans or improvement steps. (dislike)

5. The employer requires that the employee cooperate with all his lawful and reasonable directions. (expect)

6. Every employment contract requires that the employer treat the employee fairly. (intend)

7. The standard executive employment contract requires that the employer consult the executive at least six months prior to the expiry of the contract. (provide for)

b) the Complex Subject

1. State law requires that the employer reduce the employee's compensation by the amount of the pre-tax voluntary contributions. (expect)

2. Once the medical expenses are incurred it is necessary that the employee submit a statement from their doctor and proof of payment in order to be reimbursed. (require)

3. It is necessary that the employee have had a good faith belief that the action she opposed was prohibited discrimination. (consider)

4. To be effective, it is imperative that employment standards legislation keep pace with our ever-changing social and economic realities. (suppose)

5. Some workplaces arrange that the employee include the travel time in work time if the employees have a long way to work. (know)

9. Translate from Russian into English using the Complex Subject.

1. Говорят, что это здание таможни было построено в XVII веке.

2. Предполагают, что заседание закончится в десять часов.

3. Оказалось, что мы уже встречали этого таможенника в аэропорту.

4. Условия работы оказались более трудными, чем предполагалось.

5. Новая система электронного таможенного декларирования оказалась очень удобной.

6. Известно, что Ростов-на-Дону начал свою историю с Темерницкой таможни.

7. Сообщают, что в топливном баке грузовика был обнаружен тайник с крупной партией героина.

8. Она, кажется, думает, что это его вина.

9. Ее рассказ кажется очень странным, но правдивым.

10. Думают, что неисправная электропроводка вызвала пожар.

Text 4

1. Scan the text and give a name to each paragraph. Use a vocabulary below. Make a review of the text. Smuggling and Other Violations and Indian Customs Penal Provisions

Unscrupulous elements do attempt to evade the duties leviable and bypass various prohibitions/restrictions in relation to imports by attempting to bring the goods into the country from places other than the notified ports/airports/Land Custom Stations without reporting or presenting the goods to customs. Similar attempts are made to take goods out of the country unauthorizedly. This is essentially termed as ‘smuggling’ and Customs officers have very important role in ensuring that they detect any such attempts of smuggling into or out of the country and take appropriate action both against the goods as well as against the persons involved.

The Customs Act, 1962 provides for strict penalties in relation to the

goods/persons involved in smuggling and other violations of the legal provisions. These include seizure/confiscation (including absolute confiscation) of the offending goods and fines and penalties on the persons involved in the offence as well as those abetting the offence. The law also empowers Customs officers to carry out searches, arrests and prosecution of persons involved in smuggling and serious commercial frauds and evasion of duties or misuse of export incentives by fraudulent practices (mis-declaration of nature, and value of the goods or suppression of quantities etc.).

Whereas the Customs Act, 1962 provides for deterrent penal provisions for all violations, due process of law has to be followed before any action is taken against the offending goods or persons/conveyance etc. involved. The Customs officers act as quasi-judicial authorities and the liabilities for duty evaded or sought to be evaded, fines and penalties etc., are adjudged by giving the persons concerned due notice (referred to as Show Cause Notice) of the contemplated action against the goods/persons/conveyance etc. including the gist of the charges and their basis, and providing opportunity for representation as well as personal hearing.

In grave offence cases prosecution with imprisonment up to maximum of 7 years is permissible under the Customs Act, 1962 but this action is taken following the usual criminal proceedings in a Court of law, after prosecution sanction is given by the competent Customs officer.

Any concerned person aggrieved with the departmental adjudication action is given the right to appeal against the said determination/order. The first level of appeal is to Commissioner (Appeal) and thereafter to an independent Tribunal (CESTAT) unless the adjudication order is originally passed by the Commissioner of Customs in which case the first level of appeal is to the CESTAT. On questions of law, the orders of CESTAT could also be considered for reference to the High Court and certain categories of decisions involving matters relating to classification or valuation can be appealed even before the Supreme Court.

Notes

unscrupulous – недобросовестный

to evade – избегать

to bypass – обходить, пренебрегать

notified – упомянутый, зарегистрированный, объявленный

unauthorizedly – самовольно, неправомочно

appropriate – соответствующий

offending goods – незаконно ввозимые/ вывозимые товары

to abet – подстрекать, содействовать

to empower – уполномочивать, разрешать

misuse – злоупотребление

incentive – льгота

fraudulent – мошеннический

deterrent – сдерживающий

contemplated – намеренный, предполагаемый, ожидаемый

gist – суть, сущность

to aggrieve – наносить ущерб

adjudication – судебное решение