8. Decide which sentences are true and which are false. Make the false sentences true.

1. The idea of imprisonment as a form of punishment is rather old.

2. Until the late 18^th century, prisons were used only for the confinement of debtors who could not pay.

3. With the abolition of transportation, the prison has become the principal sanction for most serious crimes.

4. Concern over prison conditions has not diminished over the years.

5. Problems of security and the protection of prisoners from violence on the part of other prisoners have been compounded by the difficulties arising from overcrowding, as prison populations in most countries con­tinue to grow.

6. The populations of most prison systems are predominantly female.

7. To be in custody means to be kept in prison by the police until you go to court, because the police think you are guilty.

8. Most offenders in prison have a number of previous convictions; the offenses they have committed are most commonly burglary, theft, violence, or robbery.

9. The most common offences for which prisoners are in custody are trespass and abuse.

10. Arson is the crime of getting into a building to steal things.

11. Violence is behaviour that is intended to hurt other people physi­cally.

9. Read the text again to fill in the gaps.

1. With the abolition of transportation, the prison has become the principal sanction for most … .

2. Concern over prison conditions … over the years.

3. Problems of security and the protection of prisoners from violence on the part of other prisoners … by the difficulties arising from overcrowding, as prison populations in most countries con­tinue to grow.

4. The people who make up the populations of most prison systems have many… .

5. … in prison have a number of previous convictions; the offenses they have committed are most commonly burglary, theft, violence, or robbery.

6. The most common offences for which prisoners are in custody are … .

7. … is the crime of getting into a building to steal things and violence is behaviour … .

10. Write a short essay about what should be the purpose of prisons. Use the following clichés:

Personally …

To a certain extent …

There’s a lot in ...

May be/perhaps/probably ... but

That’s one way of looking at it, but ...

Butt on the other hand,

We shouldn’t forget ...

I agree in principal, but ...

In spite of…

I can’t say that I share this view …

I’m not entirely /at all/ ... convinced by ...

Focus on Grammar

11. Open the brackets using the necessary form of the Subjunctive Mood.

1. The detective (to ask) you some questions if he (to have) any. 2. He (to reconstruct) the scene of the crime, if he (can). 3. If the police (to come) the criminal (to throw away) the money. 3. If he (to present) during the trail he (to hear) the rendered verdict. 4. But for the evidence he (to be accused) of shoplifting by the prosecutor. 5. But for the witness we (to learn) more information about this terrible crime. 6. But for the trail we (to find out) all the details of the case. 7. The murderer (to find) if the tourist (to make) these pictures. 8. If he (to have) an opportunity he (to help) you with the investigation. 9. The judge (to instruct) the jury before giving the verdict if he (to be informed) about it. 10. The suspect (to tell) the truth if he (not to be afraid of). 11. If this case (to complete) in a week the investigator (to write) about it. 12. If the prosecutor (to be) so strict, the punishment (to be) so severe.