9. Find information about punishment for theft, burglary and trespass in different countries. Present it in the form of report or presentation to the other students of your group. Focus on Grammar

10. Translate from Russian unto English, using the Subjunctive Mood.

1. Необходимо, чтобы при вынесении приговора учитывалась тяжесть преступления. 2. Наказание могло бы быть мягче, если бы Дойл не был ранее судим. 3. Вам могли бы сократить срок наказания, если бы вы вели себя примерно. 4. Необходимо, чтобы в основе пробации было изучение каждого отдельного дела, осуществляемого инспектором, наблюдающим за поведением условно осужденных несовершеннолетних. 5. Противники смертной казни считают, что ее отмена способствовала бы развитию демократии в нашей стране. 6. Если бы преступники содержались в лучших условиях, то тюремное заключение больше бы способствовало их перевоспитанию.

11. Make one sentence from the two ones. Use the Subjunctive Mood as in the example.

Example: Probation must provide a realistic approach to the offender as an individual. It is very important. – It is very important that probation should provide a realistic approach to the offender as an individual.

1. A probation officer must be adequately trained. It is imperative. 2. The child will live with his relative under the supervision of an agent of the court. It was determined by the court. 3. All the children had to be taught trades to prevent idleness and crime. Penn insisted on it. 4. He was released on bail. It was very strange. 5. The sitting of the court was adjourned. The judge proposed it. 6. A juvenile under fifteen was sentenced to imprisonment. – But it is impossible! 7. Custody and control of the inmates is the primary responsibility of all correctional

Institutions. It is prescribed by the law.

Text 5

1. Read the text to divide it into logical parts. Give the definitions of the words in bold. Use the vocabulary if necessary. The Сrime of Passion in Law

A crime of passion, or crime passionnel, in popular usage, refers to a violent crime, especially murder, in which the perpetrator commits the act against someone because of sudden strong impulse such as sudden rage rather than as a premeditated crime.

In the instance that an individual commits a crime out of extraordinary circumstances and in no manner is the crime premeditated or thought thoroughly, that individual is said to have committed a crime of passion. This can be an act or a legal defense used by the defendant in order to gain a less severe sentencing. When the latter is done, the defendant may plead temporary insanity.

A crime of passion usually occurs when an individual reacts violently towards a certain piece of information that has been recently revealed to him or her. He or she then acts out of impulse rather than having thought through the consequences of his or her actions. Such cases that claim crime of passion usually involve a spouse discovering his or her spouse’s infidelity.

However, some jurisdictions no longer allow this kind of legal defense to be used. It has been argued that an individual who has committed a grave crime cannot be excused from the consequences of his or her actions just because he or she had instinctively reacted violently. For the jurisdictions that continue to allow the use of this legal defense, it must be proven that little to no time elapsed between the revelation of information and the criminal act itself. This proves that the individual committed the crime impulsively. It is essential to prove that no planning was involved in the individual’s crime so as to prove that he or she was in a temporary state of insanity and acted without thought or regard.

Determining crimes of passion is an important part of many murder trials. The term "crime of passion," according to LAW, "is a criminal defendant's excuse for lacking the premeditation element of a crime due to sudden anger or heartbreak." In most states, premeditated murder carries a much harsher sentence than manslaughter or accidental death. A crime of passion typically occurs between two lovers over a conflict or infidelity and is ascribed to the heat of the moment.

Notes

a crime of passion - убийство из ревности;

violent crime - насильственное преступление;

murder – убийство;

perpetrator -  злоумышленник, нарушитель,  преступник;

sudden - внезапный, неожиданный, непредвиденный;

rage - ярость, гнев, бешенство;

defendant - обвиняемый; подсудимый;

consequences – последствия;

jurisdiction - юрисдикция; подсудность; компетенция суда;

grave – могила;

essential - сущность, неотъемлемая часть; основное, самое главное;

temporary – временный.

2. Read the text again to answer the following questions:

1. What is usually occurs when an individual reacts violently towards a certain piece of information that has been recently revealed to him or her?

2. What do you know about a crime of passion?

3. What is an important part of many murder trials?

4. When may the defendant plead temporary insanity?

5. Who are typically persons of a crime of passion?

3. Translate the following words and word combinations from English into Russian:

to refer to, circumstances, legal defense, impulsively, spouse, revelation, sudden, in order to gain, according to, the heat of the moment, extraordinary, rather than, to involve, instinctively, premeditate, accidental death, lacking, to prove, regard, an individual, to commit a crime, thoroughly, defendant, a crime of passion, consequences, infidelity, a grave crime, temporary, essential.

4. Find the English equivalents for the following words and phrases:

тем не менее, юрисдикция, правовая защита, совершить тяжкое преступление, последствия, бурно отреагировать, преступное деяние, импульсивно, доказать, быть вовлеченным, временное состояние невменяемости, преступление в состоянии аффекта, в соответствии с законом, элемент преднамеренности, отсутствие, умышленное убийство, более суровое наказание, сгоряча.

5. Match the words from the left column with their definitions from the right column.

1. murder	a. the right and power to interpret and apply the law
2. defendant	b. occurring or performed quickly and without warning
3. essential	c. something fundamental or indispensable
4. consequences	d. a person against whom an action or claim is brought in a court of law
5. jurisdiction	e. violent movement or action
6. sudden	f. something that happens as a result of a particular action or set of conditions
7. rage	g. the unlawful killing of one human by another, especially with premeditated malice
8. grave	h. a place of burial