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Vocabulary and Text-Based Exercises

I. Answer the questions to the text.

1. What does computer programming deal with?

2. What steps is the process of writing a source code comprised of?

3. What is the main goal of programming?

4. What knowledge does the process of writing a source code require?

5. What is linear programming useful for?

6. What method of programming uses mathematical functions? Which one is based on mathematical logic?

7. What programming technique is organized around objects and data, rather than actions and logic?

II. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents.

  1. application domain

  2. coding

  3. configure

  4. expertise

  5. linear equality

  6. linear inequality

  7. mutable objects

  8. source code

  9. techniques

  10. troubleshooting

  1. изменяемые объекты

  2. исходный код

  3. компетенция

  4. линейное равенство

  5. линейное неравенство

  6. методы, приемы

  7. настраивать

  8. область применения

  9. устранение неисправностей

  10. программирование

III. Fill in the gaps with the proper words and word combination.

troubleshooting, theorem prover, recursive, hierarchies, programming tool, recursion, machine code, object-oriented, compilers, source code, high-level

1. Most _____ programming languages support _____ by allowing a function to call itself within the program text. 2. In general, _____ is the identification and elimination of faults, caused by a failure of some kind. 3. The _____ functions, which form a class of computable functions, take their name from the process of “recurrence” or “recursion”. 4. Any program or utility that helps programmers or users develop applications or maintain their computers can be called a _____. Examples are _____, interpreters, 4GLs, etc. 5. In OOP objects are used to form additional objects and are arranged into _____. 6. The Isabelle _____ is an interactive problem-solving framework, based on a small logical core guaranteeing logical correctness. 7. Programmers specify the actions to be performed mostly by writing _____, which can then be automatically translated to binary _____. 8. Since the 1990s, Java has been one of the most successful _____ languages.

Text b. 10 Programming Languages You Should Learn

I. Read the text and put the names of programming languages into the right passages.

  1. AJAX

  2. C

  1. C#

  2. Java

  1. JavaScript

  2. Perl

  1. PHP

  2. Python

  1. Ruby

  2. VB.Net

Although there are over 2,000 computer languages, relatively few are actually widely used. Among thousands, the following 10 programming languages stand out for their job marketability. The languages are given in decreasing order beginning with the most used (according to the nationwide queries on Dice.com, a job site for technology professionals).

I. ______ is an object-oriented programming language developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in 1990s. It is hailed by many developers as a “beautiful” language, it is central to the non-.Net programming experience. (Job availabilities: 14,408)

II. ______ is a standardized, general-purpose language, one of the most pervasive languages and the basis for several others (such as C++). Once you learn it, making the jump to Java or C# is fairly easy, because a lot of the syntax is common. (Job availabilities: 6,164)

III. ______ is a general-purpose, compiled, object-oriented language developed by Microsoft as part of its .NET initiative, it evolved from C and C++. It’s an essential part of the .Net framework. Learning this language, which is just Java with a different name plate, is critical if you heavily use Microsoft. (Job availabilities: 5,111)

IV. ______ is an open-source, cross-platform, server-side interpretive language used extensively to process text through CGI (common gateway interface) programs. Its power in processing piles of text has made it very popular and widely used to write Web server programs for a range of tasks. (Job availabilities: 4,810)

V. ______, is an object-oriented, scripting language that runs in the Web browser on the client side. It’s smaller, easier to code and doesn’t have to be compiled. Embedded into HTML, it’s used in millions of Web pages to validate forms, create cookies, detect browsers and improve the design. Not to be confused with Java. (Job availabilities: 4,406)

VI. ______ is an object-oriented language implemented on Microsoft’s. Net framework. Most argue that it is currently more popular than ever and one of the only “must-learns”. (Job availabilities: 2,090)

VII. ______ is an open-source, interpretive, server-side, cross-platform, HTML scripting language, especially well-suited for Web development as it can be embedded into HTML pages. High-speed scripting with caching, augmented with compiled code plug-ins (such as can be done with Perl) is where the future is, as building Web apps from scratch using C or COBOL is going the way of the dinosaurs. (Job availabilities: 1,152)

VIII. ______ uses XHTML or HTML, JavaScript and XML to create interactive Web applications. The demand for the knowledgeable pros is huge because it’s so hard to learn. However, Microsoft is going to release a tool named Atlas that will make this language much easier to implement (Job availabilities: 1,106)

IX. ______ is an interpreted, dynamically object-oriented, open-source language that utilizes automatic memory management. Designed to be a highly readable, minimalist language, many say it has a sense of humor (spam and eggs, rather than foo and bar). It is extensively used by Google because of its syntactic simplicity. (Job availabilities: 811)

X. ______ is a dynamic, object-oriented, open-source language, originated in Japan during the mid-1990s. Web application framework Rails is written in it. With a focus on simplicity, productivity, its usage has spread quickly. Many find it easy to learn. (Job availabilities: 210)

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